The working directory is where you add, delete, and edit files. Then, the changes are indexed in the staging area. After you commit your modifications, a snapshot of the changes will be saved in the directory.<\/p>
Git can be downloaded from its official site<\/a>. It is available for Linux or Unix, Windows, and macOS.<\/p> If you’re using a Hostinger VPS hosting plan<\/a>, you can install Git directly<\/a> to your server by typing one of the commands below depending on your installed OS:<\/p> For Debian-based distributions, including Ubuntu:<\/p> For Fedora-based distributions, such as CentOS:<\/p> or<\/p> For some users, Git may have a steep learning curve. Fortunately, this section will guide you through the most frequently used Git commands in the command line interface (CLI) tool.<\/p> If you prefer a graphical user interface (GUI) for writing Git commands, consider using one of the best Git GUI clients<\/a>.<\/p> Let’s explore some essential Git commands and their functionalities.<\/p> git init<\/strong><\/p> This command initiates a new Git repository within a directory. Here’s the basic git init<\/strong> usage:<\/p> To create a new repository while specifying the project’s name, use the following command:<\/p> git add<\/strong><\/p> This command is used to stage file changes, preparing them for the next commit:<\/p> git commit<\/strong><\/p> Use this command to create a commit message for the changes, making them part of your project’s history:<\/p> git status<\/strong><\/p> This command displays valuable insights into your files’ modifications and staging status.<\/p> git log<\/strong><\/p> The basic git log <\/strong>usage lets you view a chronological list of commit history:<\/p> git diff<\/strong><\/p> This command lets you compare changes between your working directory and the most recent commit. For example, this git diff <\/strong>usage identifies the differences in a specific file:<\/p> To compare changes between two commits, use the following:<\/p> git rm<\/strong><\/p> This command removes files from your working directory and stages the removal for the next commit.<\/p> git mv<\/strong><\/p> Use this command to rename and move files within your working directory. Here’s the Git command to rename a file:<\/p> To move a file to a different directory, enter:<\/p> git config<\/strong><\/p> This command configures various aspects of Git, including user information and preferences. For example, enter this command to set your email address for commits:<\/p> The –global<\/strong> flag applies the configurations universally, impacting your local repository.<\/p> git branch<\/strong><\/p> Use this command to manage branches in your Git repository<\/a>. Here’s the basic git branch<\/strong> usage to list all existing branches:<\/p> To create a Git branch named “feature”, use:<\/p> To rename a Git branch<\/a>, enter this command:<\/p> git checkout<\/strong><\/p> This command lets you switch between branches and restore files from different commits.<\/p> The following is a git checkout <\/strong>usage to switch to an existing branch:<\/p> To discard changes to a specific file and revert it to the last commit, use:<\/p> git merge<\/strong><\/p> To combine a feature or topic branch into the main Git branch, use this command. Below is an example of the basic git merge <\/strong>usage:<\/p> git cherry-pick<\/strong><\/p> This command allows you to apply specific commits from one branch to another without merging an entire branch.<\/p> git rebase<\/strong><\/p> This command is used to apply changes from one Git branch to another by moving or combining commits. It helps maintain a cleaner commit history:<\/p> git tag<\/strong><\/p> This command marks specific points in your Git history, such as v1.0 or v2.0:<\/p> git clone<\/strong><\/p> This command creates a copy of a remote repository on your local machine. A basic git clone <\/strong>usage is to clone a repository from GitHub<\/a>:<\/p> git push<\/strong><\/p> This command sends your local Git branch commits to a remote repository, updating it with your latest changes.<\/p> For example, you want to push changes from the local repository called “main” to the remote repository named “origin”:<\/p> git pull<\/strong><\/p> This command fetches and integrates changes from a remote repository into your current local branch. Here’s a git pull <\/strong>usage example to pull changes from the master branch:<\/p> git fetch<\/strong><\/p> To retrieve new commits from a remote repository without automatically merging them into your current branch, use this command:<\/p> git remote<\/strong><\/p> This command manages remote repositories associated with your local repository. The basic git remote <\/strong>usage lists the remote repository:<\/p> To add a new remote repository, specify its name and URL. For example:<\/p> git submodule<\/strong><\/p> This command is used to manage separate repositories embedded within a Git repository.<\/p> To add a submodule to your main repository, use:<\/p> git reset<\/strong><\/p> This command is for undoing changes and manipulating the commit history. Here’s a basic git reset <\/strong>usage example to unstage changes:<\/p> git stash<\/strong><\/p> To store temporary changes that are not yet ready to be committed, use this command:<\/p> To see a list of stashes:<\/p> To apply the most recent stash and remove it from the stash list:<\/p> git bisect<\/strong><\/p> This command is primarily used for identifying bugs or issues in your project’s history. To start the bisecting process, use this command:<\/p> Git will automatically navigate you through commits to find the problematic ones using the following:<\/p> git blame<\/strong><\/p> This command determines the author and the most recent change to each file line:<\/p> git reflog<\/strong><\/p> This command logs Git branch changes. It allows you to track your repository’s timeline, even when commits are deleted or lost:<\/p> git clean<\/strong><\/p> Last but not least, this command removes untracked files from your working directory, resulting in a clean and organized repository:<\/p> The [options]<\/strong> can be customized based on your specific needs, such as -n<\/strong> for a dry run, -f<\/strong> for force, or -d<\/strong> for directories.<\/p> If you’re just starting out, it can be hard to remember even the essential Git commands. Lucky for you, we’ve created a Git cheat sheet to help you master this tool. Download it or print it out to always have it ready when you’re stuck remembering Git commands.<\/p>sudo apt install git<\/pre>
sudo yum install git<\/pre>
sudo dnf install git<\/pre>
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.hostinger.com\/tutorials\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/02\/VPS-hosting-banner-1024x300.png\")
<\/a><\/figure>Most Commonly Used Git Commands<\/h2>
Basic Git Commands<\/h3>
git init<\/pre>
git init [project name]<\/pre>
git add file1.txt<\/pre>
git commit -m \"Add new feature\"<\/pre>
git status<\/pre>
git log<\/pre>
git diff file1.txt<\/pre>
git diff commit1 commit2<\/pre>
git rm file1.txt<\/pre>
git mv file1.txt file2.txt<\/pre>
git mv file1.txt new_directory\/<\/pre>
git config --global user.email \"your.email@example.com\"<\/pre>
Git Branching and Merging Commands<\/h3>
git branch<\/pre>
git branch feature<\/pre>
git branch -m branch-name new-branch-name<\/pre>
git checkout branch_name<\/pre>
git checkout -- file_name<\/pre>
git merge branch_name<\/pre>
git cherry-pick commit_hash<\/pre>
git rebase main<\/pre>
git tag v1.0<\/pre>
Git Remote Repository Commands<\/h3>
git clone https:\/\/github.com\/username\/my-project.git<\/pre>
git push origin main<\/pre>
git pull origin master<\/pre>
git fetch origin<\/pre>
git remote<\/pre>
git remote add origin https:\/\/github.com\/username\/origin.git<\/pre>
git submodule add https:\/\/github.com\/username\/submodule-repo.git path\/to\/submodule<\/pre>
Advanced Git Commands<\/h3>
git reset file1.txt<\/pre>
git stash<\/pre>
git stash list<\/pre>
git stash pop<\/pre>
git bisect start<\/pre>
git bisect run <test-script><\/pre>
git blame file1.txt<\/pre>
git reflog<\/pre>
git clean [options]<\/pre>
Basic Git Commands Cheat Sheet<\/h2>