{"id":15984,"date":"2019-03-15T07:54:36","date_gmt":"2019-03-15T07:54:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hostinger.com\/tutorials\/?p=15984"},"modified":"2025-09-14T14:46:18","modified_gmt":"2025-09-14T14:46:18","slug":"linux-sed-command","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"\/tutorials\/linux-sed-command","title":{"rendered":"Linux sed command: How to use and practical examples"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>The Linux <strong>sed<\/strong> command lets you find, replace, insert, and delete lines in a file without opening it using a text editor. Suitable for piped input and various file formats, this Linux command also uses regular expression or<strong> regex<\/strong>, allowing you to search and manipulate complex patterns.<\/p><p>With its various use cases, understanding how to use sed can help system administrators efficiently manage their virtual private servers (VPSs).<\/p><p>This article will explain the Linux sed command&rsquo;s general syntax, options, and subcommands. You will also learn various sed examples and use cases for managing Linux VPS.<\/p><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/assets.hostinger.com\/content\/tutorials\/pdf\/Linux-Commands-Cheat-Sheet.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"566\" src=\"https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/11\/Linux-cheat-sheet.png\/public\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-69262\" srcset=\"https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/11\/Linux-cheat-sheet.png\/w=2048,fit=scale-down 2048w, https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/11\/Linux-cheat-sheet.png\/w=300,fit=scale-down 300w, https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/11\/Linux-cheat-sheet.png\/w=1024,fit=scale-down 1024w, https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/11\/Linux-cheat-sheet.png\/w=150,fit=scale-down 150w, https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/11\/Linux-cheat-sheet.png\/w=768,fit=scale-down 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div><p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-sed-command-options\">sed Command Options<\/h2><p>Here&rsquo;s what the sed command&rsquo;s general syntax looks like:<\/p><pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">sed options 'script' file_name<\/pre><p>To modify sed commands&rsquo; behavior, add the following command-line options:<\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>&ndash;help<\/strong> &ndash; prints command usage information.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>&ndash;debug <\/strong>&ndash; enables Terminal to annotate program execution and input.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>-i<\/strong> &ndash; overwrites the original file.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>-n<\/strong> &ndash; disables automatic printing unless the user uses the <strong>p<\/strong> command.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>-u <\/strong>&ndash; minimizes output.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>&ndash;posix<\/strong> &ndash; disables POSIX sed extensions to simplify writing portable scripts.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>-e<\/strong> &ndash; specifies multiple commands to run sequentially.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>-b<\/strong> &ndash; opens input files in binary mode.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>-l <\/strong>&ndash; sets the desired line-wrap length for the<strong> l<\/strong> command.<\/li>\n<\/ul><p>The <strong>script <\/strong>contains the subcommand, search pattern, replacement string, and flag. These elements are encapsulated in apostrophes and separated using a delimiter, like a slash (<strong>\/<\/strong>), backslash (<strong>\\<\/strong>), or pipe (<strong>|<\/strong>).<\/p><p>Their order may differ depending on the subcommand. For example, the <strong>s <\/strong>or <strong>substitute <\/strong>command replaces a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.regular-expressions.info\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">regular expression<\/a> pattern with another string. Here&rsquo;s the syntax:<\/p><pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">'s\/regex_pattern\/new_pattern\/flags'<\/pre><p>To alter the pattern substitution, use the following flags:<\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>g<\/strong> &ndash; applies global replacement, not just the first occurrence.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Number<\/strong> &ndash; specifies which line numbers to modify.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>p<\/strong> &ndash; prints the new line after a successful pattern replacement.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>i<\/strong> &ndash; makes the substitution case sensitive.<\/li>\n<\/ul><p>\n\n\n<div class=\"protip\">\n                    <h4 class=\"title\">Pro Tip<\/h4>\n                    <p>The <strong>s<\/strong> subcommand supports multiple flags. For example, add the <strong>gi<\/strong> flag to enable a global, case-sensitive substitution.<\/p>\n                <\/div>\n\n\n\n<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-how-to-install-sed\">How to Install sed?<\/h2><p>The Linux stream editor package comes pre-installed in most distributions. If your system doesn&rsquo;t have the tool, follow these steps to install it:<\/p><p>\n\n\n<div><p class=\"important\"><strong>Important!<\/strong> In this tutorial, our VPS is running <strong>Ubuntu 22.04<\/strong>. If you use another distribution or version, the commands may differ.<\/p><\/div>\n\n\n\n<\/p><ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Connect to your VPS <a href=\"\/tutorials\/how-to-use-putty-ssh\">using an SSH client like PuTTY<\/a> or Terminal. Hostinger users can use the <strong>Browser terminal<\/strong> via <strong>hPanel<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Enter your root login credentials. On hPanel, they are located in the VPS overview menu&rsquo;s <strong>SSH access tab<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Update the repository by typing this command:<\/li>\n<\/ol><pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">sudo apt-get update<\/pre><ol start=\"4\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Install the <strong>sed package<\/strong> by entering the following command:<\/li>\n<\/ol><pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">sudo apt-get install sed<\/pre><ol start=\"5\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Run the command below to check whether the installation was successful:<\/li>\n<\/ol><pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">sed --version<\/pre><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><a href=\"\/tutorials\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/03\/terminal-shows-installed-sed-version-1.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"42\" src=\"https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/03\/terminal-shows-installed-sed-version-1.png\/public\" alt=\"Terminal shows the currently installed sed version\" class=\"wp-image-94267\" srcset=\"https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/03\/terminal-shows-installed-sed-version-1.png\/w=800,fit=scale-down 800w, https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/03\/terminal-shows-installed-sed-version-1.png\/w=300,fit=scale-down 300w, https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/03\/terminal-shows-installed-sed-version-1.png\/w=150,fit=scale-down 150w, https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/03\/terminal-shows-installed-sed-version-1.png\/w=768,fit=scale-down 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div><figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a class=\"hgr-tutorials-cta hgr-tutorials-cta-vps-hosting\" href=\"\/vps-hosting\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/02\/VPS-hosting-banner.png\/public\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-77934\" srcset=\"https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/02\/VPS-hosting-banner.png\/w=1024,fit=scale-down 1024w, https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/02\/VPS-hosting-banner.png\/w=300,fit=scale-down 300w, https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/02\/VPS-hosting-banner.png\/w=150,fit=scale-down 150w, https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/02\/VPS-hosting-banner.png\/w=768,fit=scale-down 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-sed-command-examples\">sed Command Examples<\/h2><p>In the following sections, we will present 10 stream editor command examples to help you understand its functions.<\/p><p>\n\n\n<div><p class=\"important\"><strong>Important!<\/strong> All the commands below don&rsquo;t alter the original file. To apply the changes directly, add the <strong>-i<\/strong> option.<\/p><\/div>\n\n\n\n<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Using sed to Search and Replace a String<\/h3><p>The sed command is commonly used for replacing text. This tool will search for the specified pattern in a file and change it with the desired string.<\/p><p>To do so, use the <strong>s <\/strong>command with the string you want to replace and its replacement. Here&rsquo;s the syntax:<\/p><pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">sed 's\/old_string\/new_string\/' samplefile.txt<\/pre><p>Change the placeholders with the actual value. For example, this command substitutes the word <strong>&ldquo;images&rdquo; <\/strong>with <strong>&ldquo;photos&rdquo; <\/strong>in the <strong>scenery.txt<\/strong> file:<\/p><pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">sed 's\/images\/photos\/' scenery.txt<\/pre><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><a href=\"\/tutorials\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/03\/sed-replaced-the-word-images-with-photos.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"67\" src=\"https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/03\/sed-replaced-the-word-images-with-photos.png\/public\" alt=\"Terminal output shows sed has replaced the word images with photos\" class=\"wp-image-94269\" srcset=\"https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/03\/sed-replaced-the-word-images-with-photos.png\/w=800,fit=scale-down 800w, https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/03\/sed-replaced-the-word-images-with-photos.png\/w=300,fit=scale-down 300w, https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/03\/sed-replaced-the-word-images-with-photos.png\/w=150,fit=scale-down 150w, https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/03\/sed-replaced-the-word-images-with-photos.png\/w=768,fit=scale-down 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div><p>If your string contains the slash symbol, use another delimiter, like a backslash (<strong>\\<\/strong>) or pipe (|).<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Using sed to Replace the nth Occurrence of a Pattern in a Line<\/h3><p>If a pattern in a line occurs multiple times, enter the following command syntax to replace a specific one:<\/p><pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">sed 's\/old_string\/new_string\/#' samplefile.txt<\/pre><p>Substitute the hash (#) symbol with the pattern&rsquo;s sequence number. For example, this command replaces the first occurrence of the word <strong>&ldquo;music&rdquo; <\/strong>with <strong>&ldquo;song&rdquo; <\/strong>in a line inside the <strong>playlist.txt<\/strong> file:<\/p><pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">sed 's\/music\/song\/1' playlist.txt<\/pre><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><a href=\"\/tutorials\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/03\/sed-replaced-the-first-music-occurrence-with-song.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"42\" src=\"https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/03\/sed-replaced-the-first-music-occurrence-with-song.png\/public\" alt=\"Terminal output shows sed has replaced the first music occurrence with song\" class=\"wp-image-94270\" srcset=\"https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/03\/sed-replaced-the-first-music-occurrence-with-song.png\/w=800,fit=scale-down 800w, https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/03\/sed-replaced-the-first-music-occurrence-with-song.png\/w=300,fit=scale-down 300w, https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/03\/sed-replaced-the-first-music-occurrence-with-song.png\/w=150,fit=scale-down 150w, https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/03\/sed-replaced-the-first-music-occurrence-with-song.png\/w=768,fit=scale-down 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Using sed to Replace All the Occurrences of the Pattern in a Line<\/h3><p>By default, the sed command replaces only the first instance of the specified string and moves to the next input line. To replace all matching patterns in the same line, add the <strong>g<\/strong> flag. Here&rsquo;s how the sed script looks:<\/p><pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">sed 's\/old_string\/new_string\/g' samplefile.txt<\/pre><p>For example, run the following to replace all occurrences that contain <strong>&ldquo;eagle&rdquo; <\/strong>with <strong>&ldquo;falcon&rdquo; <\/strong>in a line inside <strong>animals.txt<\/strong>:<\/p><pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">sed 's\/eagle\/falcon\/g' animals.txt<\/pre><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><a href=\"\/tutorials\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/03\/sed-replaced-all-eagle-occurrences-with-falcon.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"43\" src=\"https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/03\/sed-replaced-all-eagle-occurrences-with-falcon.png\/public\" alt=\"Terminal output shows sed has replaced all eagle occurrences with falcon\" class=\"wp-image-94272\" srcset=\"https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/03\/sed-replaced-all-eagle-occurrences-with-falcon.png\/w=800,fit=scale-down 800w, https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/03\/sed-replaced-all-eagle-occurrences-with-falcon.png\/w=300,fit=scale-down 300w, https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/03\/sed-replaced-all-eagle-occurrences-with-falcon.png\/w=150,fit=scale-down 150w, https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/03\/sed-replaced-all-eagle-occurrences-with-falcon.png\/w=768,fit=scale-down 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Using sed to Replace an Occurrence From nth to All Occurrences in a Line<\/h3><p>Instead of replacing all patterns within the same line, combine the number and <strong>g <\/strong>flag to replace occurrences starting from a specific one. Here&rsquo;s the sed script:<\/p><pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">sed 's\/old_string\/new_string\/#g' samplefile.txt<\/pre><p>For example, the command below replaces the word <strong>&ldquo;pisces&rdquo; <\/strong>with <strong>&ldquo;aquarius&rdquo; <\/strong>from the second occurrence until the last one in the <strong>astrology.txt<\/strong> file.<\/p><pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">sed 's\/pisces\/aquarius\/2g' astrology.txt<\/pre><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><a href=\"\/tutorials\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/03\/sed-replaced-the-second-pisces-occurrence-until-the-last-one-with-aquarius.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"866\" height=\"42\" src=\"https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/03\/sed-replaced-the-second-pisces-occurrence-until-the-last-one-with-aquarius.png\/public\" alt=\"Terminal output shows sed has replaced the second pisces occurrence until the last one with aquarius\" class=\"wp-image-94274\" srcset=\"https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/03\/sed-replaced-the-second-pisces-occurrence-until-the-last-one-with-aquarius.png\/w=866,fit=scale-down 866w, https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/03\/sed-replaced-the-second-pisces-occurrence-until-the-last-one-with-aquarius.png\/w=300,fit=scale-down 300w, https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/03\/sed-replaced-the-second-pisces-occurrence-until-the-last-one-with-aquarius.png\/w=150,fit=scale-down 150w, https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/03\/sed-replaced-the-second-pisces-occurrence-until-the-last-one-with-aquarius.png\/w=768,fit=scale-down 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 866px) 100vw, 866px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Using sed to Parenthesize the First Character of Each Word<\/h3><p>To print the first character of every word in parenthesis, use the following script:<\/p><pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">echo \"desired_sentence\" | sed -E 's\/(\\b\\w)\/(\\1)\/g'<\/pre><p>For example, to display the first character of <strong>&ldquo;An example of the sed command&rdquo;<\/strong> in parenthesis, enter:<\/p><pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">echo \"An example of the sed command\" | sed -E 's\/(\\b\\w)\/(\\1)\/g'<\/pre><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><a href=\"\/tutorials\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/03\/sed-parenthesizes-each-word-first-character.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"959\" height=\"65\" src=\"https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/03\/sed-parenthesizes-each-word-first-character.png\/public\" alt=\"Sed parenthesizes each word's first character of the piped sentence\" class=\"wp-image-94275\" srcset=\"https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/03\/sed-parenthesizes-each-word-first-character.png\/w=959,fit=scale-down 959w, https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/03\/sed-parenthesizes-each-word-first-character.png\/w=300,fit=scale-down 300w, https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/03\/sed-parenthesizes-each-word-first-character.png\/w=150,fit=scale-down 150w, https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/03\/sed-parenthesizes-each-word-first-character.png\/w=768,fit=scale-down 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 959px) 100vw, 959px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div><p>To parenthesize each word&rsquo;s first character from a file, omit the <strong>echo<\/strong> command and add the input document at the end.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Using sed to Replace the String on a Specific Line Number<\/h3><p>To replace the string on an nth line, add its sequence number before <strong>s<\/strong> like this syntax:<\/p><pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">sed '#s\/old_string\/new_string\/' samplefile.txt<\/pre><p>For example, enter the following to substitute the word <strong>&ldquo;cake&rdquo; <\/strong>with <strong>&ldquo;bread&rdquo; <\/strong>in the second line of <strong>foods.txt<\/strong>:<\/p><pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">sed '2s\/cake\/bread\/' foods.txt<\/pre><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><a href=\"\/tutorials\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/03\/sed-replaced-cake-in-the-second-line-with-bread.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"85\" src=\"https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/03\/sed-replaced-cake-in-the-second-line-with-bread.png\/public\" alt=\"Terminal output shows sed has replaced cake in the second line with bread\" class=\"wp-image-94276\" srcset=\"https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/03\/sed-replaced-cake-in-the-second-line-with-bread.png\/w=800,fit=scale-down 800w, https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/03\/sed-replaced-cake-in-the-second-line-with-bread.png\/w=300,fit=scale-down 300w, https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/03\/sed-replaced-cake-in-the-second-line-with-bread.png\/w=150,fit=scale-down 150w, https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/03\/sed-replaced-cake-in-the-second-line-with-bread.png\/w=768,fit=scale-down 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Using sed to Duplicate the Replaced Line With the \/p Flag<\/h3><p>To print lines that your sed command modified as an additional output, use the <strong>p<\/strong> or <strong>print <\/strong>flag. Here&rsquo;s the general syntax:<\/p><pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">sed 's\/old_string\/new_string\/p' samplefile.txt<\/pre><p>For example, run the following to replace <strong>&ldquo;phones&rdquo; <\/strong>with <strong>&ldquo;tablets&rdquo; <\/strong>in the <strong>gadgets.txt<\/strong> file and print the results:<\/p><pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">sed 's\/phones\/tablets\/p' gadgets.txt<\/pre><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><a href=\"\/tutorials\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/03\/terminal-prints-replaced-line-as-an-output.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"108\" src=\"https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/03\/terminal-prints-replaced-line-as-an-output.png\/public\" alt=\"Terminal prints the replaced line as an additional output\" class=\"wp-image-94277\" srcset=\"https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/03\/terminal-prints-replaced-line-as-an-output.png\/w=800,fit=scale-down 800w, https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/03\/terminal-prints-replaced-line-as-an-output.png\/w=300,fit=scale-down 300w, https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/03\/terminal-prints-replaced-line-as-an-output.png\/w=150,fit=scale-down 150w, https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/03\/terminal-prints-replaced-line-as-an-output.png\/w=768,fit=scale-down 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div><p>Terminal will print the original string if the line doesn&rsquo;t contain the search pattern and is not substituted.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Using sed to Replace the String of a Range of Lines<\/h3><p>The sed command lets you modify only the line numbers specified in the script by adding the range. Here&rsquo;s the syntax:<\/p><pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">sed '#,# s\/old_string\/new_string\/' samplefile.txt<\/pre><p>For example, the command below replaces <strong>&ldquo;germany&rdquo;<\/strong> located in the third, fourth, and fifth line on the <strong>countries.txt<\/strong> file with <strong>&ldquo;france&rdquo;<\/strong>:<\/p><pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">sed '3,5 s\/germany\/france\/' countries.txt<\/pre><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><a href=\"\/tutorials\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/03\/sed-replaced-the-germany-occurrence-on-the-third-to-fifth-line-with-france.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"825\" height=\"128\" src=\"https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/03\/sed-replaced-the-germany-occurrence-on-the-third-to-fifth-line-with-france.png\/public\" alt=\"Terminal output shows sed has replaced germany on the third to fifth line with france\" class=\"wp-image-94278\" srcset=\"https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/03\/sed-replaced-the-germany-occurrence-on-the-third-to-fifth-line-with-france.png\/w=825,fit=scale-down 825w, https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/03\/sed-replaced-the-germany-occurrence-on-the-third-to-fifth-line-with-france.png\/w=300,fit=scale-down 300w, https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/03\/sed-replaced-the-germany-occurrence-on-the-third-to-fifth-line-with-france.png\/w=150,fit=scale-down 150w, https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/03\/sed-replaced-the-germany-occurrence-on-the-third-to-fifth-line-with-france.png\/w=768,fit=scale-down 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 825px) 100vw, 825px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Using sed to Print Only the Replaced Lines<\/h3><p>By default, the stream editor prints the entire file content. To simplify the output, combine the <strong>-n <\/strong>option with the <strong>p <\/strong>command to show only the matching lines. Here&rsquo;s the general syntax:<\/p><pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">sed -n 's\/old_string\/new_string\/p' samplefile.txt<\/pre><p>For example, to replace the third instance of <strong>&ldquo;green&rdquo; <\/strong>with <strong>&ldquo;blue<\/strong>&ldquo;<strong> <\/strong>in a line inside the <strong>colors.txt <\/strong>file and print the modified lines on the terminal window, enter:<\/p><pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">sed -n 's\/green\/blue\/3p' colors.txt<\/pre><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><a href=\"\/tutorials\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/03\/terminal-prints-a-single-line-that-sed-modified.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"45\" src=\"https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/03\/terminal-prints-a-single-line-that-sed-modified.png\/public\" alt=\"Terminal prints a single line that sed modified\" class=\"wp-image-94279\" srcset=\"https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/03\/terminal-prints-a-single-line-that-sed-modified.png\/w=800,fit=scale-down 800w, https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/03\/terminal-prints-a-single-line-that-sed-modified.png\/w=300,fit=scale-down 300w, https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/03\/terminal-prints-a-single-line-that-sed-modified.png\/w=150,fit=scale-down 150w, https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/03\/terminal-prints-a-single-line-that-sed-modified.png\/w=768,fit=scale-down 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Using sed to Delete Lines From a Particular File<\/h3><p>The <strong>d <\/strong>or<strong> delete <\/strong>command lets you remove lines from a file without a text editor. For example, use the following syntax to remove a particular line number:<\/p><pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">sed '#d' samplefile.txt<\/pre><p>Replace the hash (#) symbol with the line number you want to delete. For example, run this command to remove the first line from the<strong> cities.txt<\/strong> file:<\/p><pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">sed '1d' cities.txt<\/pre><p>In addition, you can delete all the lines within a specific range using the sed command:<\/p><pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">sed '#,#d' samplefile.txt<\/pre><p>Replace the hash (#) symbols with the starting and ending line numbers. For example, enter the following to delete the first to the third line in the <strong>cars.txt<\/strong> file:<\/p><pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">sed '1,3d' cars.txt<\/pre><p>You can also delete the last line in a file by combining the <strong>d <\/strong>subcommand and a dollar sign ($), like the following.<\/p><pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">sed '$d' samplefile.txt<\/pre><p>To delete a specific line number starting from the last one, use the following syntax:<\/p><pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">sed '#,$d' samplefile.txt<\/pre><p>For example, this command will remove the second to last line in the <strong>books.txt<\/strong> file:<\/p><pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">sed '2,$d' books.txt<\/pre><p>In addition to deleting lines, use this command to remove a particular occurrence in a file. To do so, specify the regex pattern in your script, like the following syntax:<\/p><pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">sed '\/pattern\/d' samplefile.txt<\/pre><p>For example, run this to remove the <strong>&ldquo;oabo&rdquo; <\/strong>pattern from the <strong>filestrings.txt<\/strong> file:<\/p><pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">sed '\/oabo\/d' filestrings.txt<\/pre><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-sed-command-use-cases\">sed Command Use Cases<\/h2><p>In this section, we will explain how to use sed commands for different use cases in server management.<\/p><p><strong>Use sed for<\/strong> <strong>Batch Processing of Files<\/strong><\/p><p>Generally, there are two ways to edit files in bulk using the sed command.<\/p><p>First, specify the files individually. With this method, you will list all the input files you want to replace at the end of your command, separated using spaces. Here&rsquo;s the syntax:<\/p><pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">sed 's\/old_string\/new_string\/g' filename1.txt filename2.txt<\/pre><p>The command will simultaneously find and replace all <strong>old_string<\/strong> occurrences in the two text files.<\/p><p>Second, scan them using the <strong>find <\/strong>command. This method automatically searches for files containing the specified pattern in a directory. Here&rsquo;s the syntax:<\/p><pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">find \/directory\/path\/file -type f -exec sed -i 's\/old_string\/new_string\/g' {} \\;<\/pre><p>Replace <strong>\/directory\/path\/file <\/strong>with the directory containing the files you want to process.<\/p><p>When using the second method, create a backup file for easy restoration in case of accidental substitutions. Alternatively, omit the <strong>-i <\/strong>option to disable in-place editing and keep the original file unaltered.<\/p><p><strong>Use sed to<\/strong> <strong>Log File Analysis<\/strong><\/p><p>In addition to modifying patterns, the sed command in Linux is also useful for log analysis. It lets you easily search for a specific pattern in the log file and extract the results for easier diagnostics.<\/p><p>To do so, add the <strong>&gt; <\/strong>symbol to output matching patterns into a text<strong> <\/strong>file. While the command differs depending on your usage, the basic syntax remains as follows:<\/p><pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">sed -n 's\/pattern\/p' logfile.log &gt; extracted_data.txt<\/pre><p>Change the regex pattern according to the data you want to search for, like IP address, error message, or timestamp. For example, use this script to export logged errors:<\/p><pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">sed -n 's\/Error: \\(.*\\)\/\\1\/p' logfile.log &gt; error_logs.txt<\/pre><p><strong>Use sed for HTML\/XML Tag Manipulation<\/strong><\/p><p>The sed command in Linux lets you easily replace strings in code. For example, you can search for specific HTML or XML tags and replace their attributes using the <strong>substitution <\/strong>command. Here&rsquo;s the syntax:<\/p><pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">sed 's\/&lt;tag attribute=\"old_pattern\"&gt;\/&lt;tag attribute=\"new_pattern\"\/' file.html<\/pre><p>The command varies depending on the tags and attributes you want to change. For example, this sed command changes all heading tags&rsquo; <strong>color <\/strong>attributes to <strong>black<\/strong>:<\/p><pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">sed 's\/\\(&lt;h[1-6].*color:\\) [^;]*\/\\1 black\/g' webpage.html<\/pre><p>The command will search for the following HTML code pattern and replace the color value with the new string:<\/p><pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">&lt;h1 style=\"color: value;\"&gt;Heading 1&lt;\/h1&gt;<\/pre><p><strong>Use sed for External Files<\/strong><\/p><p>Complex sed command operations may contain multiple scripts. While you can add them in a single command with the <strong>-e<\/strong> option, it is difficult to write and prone to error.<\/p><p>Alternatively, create an external <strong>SED <\/strong>file containing multiple scripts. Here are the steps:<\/p><ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Run the <strong>nano<\/strong> command to create a new script file and open the text editor. Replace <strong>script <\/strong>with your desired file name:<\/li>\n<\/ol><pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">nano script.sed<\/pre><ol start=\"2\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Write your scripts and ensure each line contains one script without apostrophes, like the following:<\/li>\n<\/ol><pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">s\/old_pattern1\/new_pattern1\/g<\/pre><pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">\/old_pattern2\/d<\/pre><ol start=\"3\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Press <strong>Ctrl+X<\/strong> and <strong>Y<\/strong> to close the editor and save the file.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Run the scripts by adding the file using the <strong>-f <\/strong>option in your command. Here&rsquo;s what the syntax looks like:<\/li>\n<\/ol><pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">sed -f script.sed destination_file.txt<\/pre><p><strong>Use sed for Backreferences in Regex<\/strong><\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.regular-expressions.info\/backref.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Backreferences<\/a> let you refer to previously matched patterns and reuse them in the new string. It eliminates the need to rewrite the regex pattern, simplifying the script.<\/p><p>The pattern used as the sed command reference is called a <strong>capture group<\/strong>. Encapsulated in parentheses, it also slashes for extended regular expressions.<\/p><p>To refer to the capture group, use a backslash (\\) and a number indicating the pattern order. For instance, the <strong>\\1<\/strong> backreference will reuse the first captured regex pattern.<\/p><p>Backreferences are useful for substituting and reordering patterns. For example, this sed command uses them to reorder last and first names:<\/p><pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">echo \"Doe, John\" | sed 's\/\\(.*\\), \\(.*\\)\/\\2 \\1\/'<\/pre><p>The two <strong>\\(.*\\)<\/strong> regex patterns capture Doe and John, setting them as the reference. Since the new string starts with the second backreference, the new value will be <strong>John Doe<\/strong>.<\/p><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><a href=\"\/tutorials\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/03\/sed-reorders-string-with-backreferences.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"906\" height=\"46\" src=\"https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/03\/sed-reorders-string-with-backreferences.png\/public\" alt=\"Sed reorders string with backreferences\" class=\"wp-image-94280\" srcset=\"https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/03\/sed-reorders-string-with-backreferences.png\/w=906,fit=scale-down 906w, https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/03\/sed-reorders-string-with-backreferences.png\/w=300,fit=scale-down 300w, https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/03\/sed-reorders-string-with-backreferences.png\/w=150,fit=scale-down 150w, https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/03\/sed-reorders-string-with-backreferences.png\/w=768,fit=scale-down 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 906px) 100vw, 906px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-conclusion\">Conclusion<\/h2><p>The stream editor or sed command in Linux is a tool that lets you find and modify a pattern in a file using regular expressions. Its syntax comprises the sed command, options, the script, and the target file.<\/p><p>sed command-line options modify the tool&rsquo;s behavior, while the script determines how the tool modifies the matching regex pattern. The script contains a subcommand, flags, and the regex patterns, each separated using a delimiter like a slash (\/).<\/p><p>To use the sed command in Linux, open command-line applications like Terminal, an SSH client, or Hostinger&rsquo;s Browser Terminal. To find and replace a pattern, use the <strong>s <\/strong>subcommand. Meanwhile, the <strong>d <\/strong>subcommand deletes lines or strings.<\/p><p>The sed command in Linux is also useful for log analysis, modifying markup tags, and processing files in bulk. Moreover, it supports regex backreferences and lets you use a script file to run multiple Linux commands simultaneously.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-linux-sed-command-faq\">Linux sed Command FAQ<\/h2><p>This section will answer the most frequently asked questions about the sed command.<\/p><div class=\"schema-faq wp-block-yoast-faq-block\"><div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1668095911341\"><h3 class=\"schema-faq-question\">How Is sed Different From grep?<\/h3> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">Both<strong> sed<\/strong> and <a href=\"\/tutorials\/grep-command-in-linux-useful-examples\/\">grep<\/a> are text processing tools in Linux. However, grep doesn&rsquo;t support text transformation or line manipulation commands like substitution. It is primarily used to find particular text patterns in large files and print the output.<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1668095930629\"><h3 class=\"schema-faq-question\">How Is sed Used in the Bash Script?<\/h3> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">In the Bash script, the sed command has three primary uses &ndash; printing to stdout, deleting a text, and replacing a specific string. The program determines which line it will process from the specified address range.<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1668095945086\"><h3 class=\"schema-faq-question\">How Do You Call a Variable in the sed Command?<\/h3> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">A variable is a character we assign a value to, providing better readability when added to a sed command. It can be a number, character, file name, or device. The shell expands variables. For example, if the string contains a slash (<strong>\/<\/strong>), use another delimiter, such as a pipe (<strong>|<\/strong>).<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1668095963594\"><h3 class=\"schema-faq-question\">How Is the sed Command Different From the awk Command?<\/h3> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">The sed command is for basic text modification, like replacing, deleting, and inserting a pattern into an input file. Meanwhile, <a href=\"\/tutorials\/awk-command\">awk<\/a> is used for complex tasks like data extraction, text manipulation, and mathematical calculations. It also supports programming statements like <strong>if\/else<\/strong> and <strong>do\/while<\/strong>.<\/p> <\/div> <\/div><p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Linux sed command lets you find, replace, insert, and delete lines in a file without opening it using a [&#8230;]<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"btn btn-secondary understrap-read-more-link\" href=\"\/tutorials\/linux-sed-command\">Read More&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":102,"featured_media":87036,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"rank_math_title":"How to Use Linux sed Command + Free Linux Cheat Sheet","rank_math_description":"The Linux sed command stands for stream editor and is used for file editing. 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