{"id":15520,"date":"2019-02-20T07:19:14","date_gmt":"2019-02-20T07:19:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hostinger.com\/tutorials\/?p=15520"},"modified":"2025-04-28T07:53:59","modified_gmt":"2025-04-28T07:53:59","slug":"how-to-use-rsync","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"\/tutorials\/how-to-use-rsync","title":{"rendered":"How to use the Linux rsync command to streamline remote file synchronization"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Copying files from one device to another can be a cumbersome task. Fortunately, you can simplify this process on Linux using the <strong>rsync <\/strong>command.<\/p><p><strong>rsync<\/strong>, short for remote sync, lets you transfer and synchronize files or folders between local devices and remote Linux-based servers. Whether you&rsquo;re a pro or just getting started, mastering the <strong>rsync <\/strong>command can streamline your Linux file management.<\/p><p>This article will delve deep into the <strong>rsync<\/strong> command and how it works. We&rsquo;ll also demonstrate how to use the <strong>rsync<\/strong> command through practical examples.<\/p><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/assets.hostinger.com\/content\/tutorials\/pdf\/Linux-Commands-Cheat-Sheet.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"566\" src=\"https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/11\/Linux-cheat-sheet.png\/public\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-69262\" srcset=\"https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/11\/Linux-cheat-sheet.png\/w=2048,fit=scale-down 2048w, https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/11\/Linux-cheat-sheet.png\/w=300,fit=scale-down 300w, https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/11\/Linux-cheat-sheet.png\/w=1024,fit=scale-down 1024w, https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/11\/Linux-cheat-sheet.png\/w=150,fit=scale-down 150w, https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/11\/Linux-cheat-sheet.png\/w=768,fit=scale-down 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div><p>\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"protip\">\n                    <h2 class=\"featured-snippet title\">What Is rsync?<\/h2>\n                    <p><br>\n<b>rsync<\/b> is a powerful and versatile <a href=\"\/tutorials\/linux-commands\">Linux command<\/a> for transferring and synchronizing files between local and remote devices. Unlike traditional copy commands, <b>rsync<\/b> uses a delta-transfer algorithm to only transmit the differences between the source and destination files. This approach drastically reduces bandwidth usage and speeds up transfers.<br>\n<\/p>\n                <\/div>\n\n\n\n<\/p><p><strong>rsync<\/strong> also has robust features for transferring files to a backup server and mirroring tasks. It preserves file attributes and supports secure transfers over SSH, making it suitable for both local and remote file transfers.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-how-does-rsync-work\">How Does rsync Work?<\/h2><p>This section will explore various <strong>rsync<\/strong> options and basic syntax for different purposes.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-rsync-options-and-parameters\">rsync Options and Parameters<\/h3><p><strong>rsync<\/strong> has numerous command line options, parameters, and configuration files to tailor its behavior. Here are some commonly used ones:<\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>-v or &ndash;verbose <\/strong>&ndash; Increase verbosity, providing more detailed output during the transfer.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>-a or &ndash;archive <\/strong>&ndash; Archive mode, which includes recursive copying and preserving file permissions, timestamps, <a href=\"\/tutorials\/how-to-create-symbolic-links-in-linux\">symbolic links<\/a>, and device files.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>-r or &ndash;recursive <\/strong>&ndash; Recursively copy directories.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>&ndash;delete <\/strong>&ndash; Delete excluded files from the destination directory.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>&ndash;exclude=PATTERN <\/strong>&ndash; Exclude files or directories matching the specified pattern.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>&ndash;include=PATTERN <\/strong>&ndash; Include files or directories matching the specified pattern.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>-z or &ndash;compress <\/strong>&ndash; Compress file data during the transfer to reduce bandwidth usage.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>-s or &ndash;sparse <\/strong>&ndash; Generate a summary of synchronized files and directories, including sparse files, after a sync operation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>&ndash;dry-run <\/strong>&ndash; Perform a trial run without making any actual changes.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>&ndash;temp-dir <\/strong>&ndash; Specify a directory to store temporary files.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>-u or &ndash;update <\/strong>&ndash; Skip files on the destination side that are newer than the source files so only older files are updated.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>-h or &ndash;human-readable <\/strong>&ndash; Output numbers in a human-readable format.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>-i or &ndash;itemize-changes <\/strong>&ndash; Output a list of changes made during the transfer.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>&ndash;progress <\/strong>&ndash; Show progress during the transfer.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>&ndash;stats <\/strong>&ndash; Provides file transfer stats after it is complete.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>-e or &ndash;rsh=COMMAND <\/strong>&ndash; Specify which remote shell to use.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>&ndash;bwlimit=RATE <\/strong>&ndash; Limit the bandwidth to increase network efficiency.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>-P or &ndash;partial &ndash;progress <\/strong>&ndash; Keep partially transferred files and show progress.<\/li>\n<\/ul><p>For a comprehensive list of all available <strong>rsync <\/strong>options, run the following command:<\/p><pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">man rsync<\/pre><p>You will see detailed information about each option and parameter.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-basic-syntax\">Basic Syntax<\/h3><p>The basic syntax of an <strong>rsync <\/strong>command is as follows:<\/p><pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">rsync [OPTIONS] SOURCE DESTINATION<\/pre><ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>[OPTIONS] <\/strong>&ndash; This is the section where you can include <strong>rsync<\/strong> options. You can add more than one option.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>SOURCE <\/strong>&ndash; This is the source directory or file you want to copy or synchronize. Specify the path to the source data here.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>DESTINATION <\/strong>&ndash; The destination directory where the source data will be copied or synchronized. Specify the path to the destination directory or file here.<\/li>\n<\/ul><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-basic-syntax-for-remote-shell\">Basic Syntax for Remote Shell<\/h3><p>When using <strong>rsync <\/strong>to transfer data from a local computer to a Linux <a href=\"\/tutorials\/what-is-vps-hosting\">virtual private server<\/a> (VPS), communication relies on the <strong>rsync <\/strong>daemon. The <strong>rsync<\/strong> syntax for the remote shell is as follows:<\/p><pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">rsync [OPTIONS] -e \"SSH_COMMAND\" SOURCE DESTINATION<\/pre><p>The <strong>-e<\/strong> option is used to specify the remote shell. In most cases, you&rsquo;ll use <strong>ssh<\/strong> to connect to the remote host using the <strong>rsync<\/strong> remote update protocol.<\/p><p>Let&rsquo;s explore two common scenarios.<\/p><p>Use the following command to pull data from a remote system to your local machine:<\/p><pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">rsync -avz -e ssh user@remote_host:\/path\/to\/source\/ \/path\/to\/local\/destination\/<\/pre><p>Use the following command to push data from your local file system to a remote directory using the <strong>CVS<\/strong> protocol:<\/p><pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">rsync -avz \/path\/to\/local\/source\/ user@remote_host:\/path\/to\/remote\/destination\/<\/pre><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-how-to-check-the-rsync-version\">How to Check the rsync Version<\/h2><p><strong>rsync<\/strong> is typically included by default in many <a href=\"\/tutorials\/best-linux-distro\">Linux distributions<\/a>. Let&rsquo;s check whether <strong>rsync <\/strong>is already installed on your system.<\/p><p>For Windows users working with <a href=\"\/vps-hosting\">VPS Hosting<\/a>, <a href=\"\/tutorials\/how-to-use-putty-ssh\">use PuTTY SSH<\/a> to log in. If you&rsquo;re using macOS or Linux, access Terminal.<\/p><p>Once logged in, execute the command below:<\/p><pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">rsync --version<\/pre><p>You&rsquo;ll receive an output similar to the following:<\/p><pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">rsync version 3.2.7 protocol version 31<\/pre><figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a class=\"hgr-tutorials-cta hgr-tutorials-cta-vps-hosting\" href=\"\/vps-hosting\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/02\/VPS-hosting-banner.png\/public\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-77934\" srcset=\"https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/02\/VPS-hosting-banner.png\/w=1024,fit=scale-down 1024w, https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/02\/VPS-hosting-banner.png\/w=300,fit=scale-down 300w, https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/02\/VPS-hosting-banner.png\/w=150,fit=scale-down 150w, https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/02\/VPS-hosting-banner.png\/w=768,fit=scale-down 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-how-to-install-rsync\">How to Install rsync<\/h2><p>If <strong>rsync <\/strong>isn&rsquo;t pre-installed on your local or remote machine, go ahead and install it manually. Here are the installation commands for different operating systems:<\/p><p>For Debian-based distributions, including Ubuntu:<\/p><pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">sudo apt-get install rsync<\/pre><p>For Fedora-based distributions, such as CentOS:<\/p><pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">sudo dnf install rsync<\/pre><p>For macOS:<\/p><pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">brew install rsync<\/pre><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-how-to-use-rsync-commands\">How to Use rsync Commands<\/h2><p>Before learning to use <strong>rsync<\/strong>, let&rsquo;s prepare two test directories named <strong>original<\/strong> and <strong>duplicate<\/strong>. The <strong>original<\/strong> directory will contain three sample files, while the <strong>duplicate<\/strong> directory will start out empty.<\/p><p>To create these directories, follow these commands:<\/p><pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">cd\nmkdir original\nmkdir duplicate<\/pre><p>Next, create three sample files inside the <strong>original <\/strong>folder using the <a href=\"\/tutorials\/linux-touch-command\">touch command<\/a>:<\/p><pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">touch original\/file{1..3}<\/pre><p>To make sure all the sample files are created, list all the files in the <strong>original <\/strong>directory and observe the file system using this command:<\/p><pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">rsync original\/<\/pre><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-most-common-rsync-commands\">Most Common rsync Commands<\/h3><p>One of the most essential use cases for <strong>rsync <\/strong>is to replicate data between two directories within the same system. To do this, use the following command:<\/p><pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">rsync original\/* duplicate\/<\/pre><p>The contents inside the <strong>original <\/strong>directory will be mirrored in the <strong>duplicate<\/strong> directory. If you add a new file or update existing files in the<strong> original <\/strong>directory, only the new or changed files will be transferred. However, if the <strong>duplicate <\/strong>folder doesn&rsquo;t exist, it will result in an error.<\/p><p>To synchronize files and create a new folder simultaneously, use this command instead:<\/p><pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">rsync original\/ duplicate\/<\/pre><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-how-to-use-rsync-commands-with-subdirectories\">How to Use rsync Commands With Subdirectories<\/h3><p>To synchronize folders and subdirectories between two locations, use this <strong>rsync<\/strong> copy directory command:<\/p><pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">rsync -r original\/*\/ duplicate\/<\/pre><p>To synchronize a specific subdirectory, type the command below:<\/p><pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">rsync -r original\/subdirectory_name\/ duplicate\/<\/pre><p>Replace <strong>subdirectory_name<\/strong> with the name of the subfolder you want to synchronize.<\/p><p>You may want to exclude a particular subdirectory from synchronization. In this case, enter the following command to do it:<\/p><pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">rsync -r --exclude=subdirectory_name original\/ duplicate\/<\/pre><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-how-to-synchronize-files\">How to Synchronize Files<\/h3><p>To sync or update files between two folders, use this command:<\/p><pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">rsync -av original\/ duplicate\/<\/pre><p>To copy the files from the <strong>original <\/strong>directory to a remote server, enter this command:<\/p><pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">rsync -av -e ssh original\/ username@remote_host:\/path\/to\/destination\/<\/pre><p>Replace <strong>username, remote_host, <\/strong>and <strong>\/path\/to\/destination\/ <\/strong>with the appropriate values.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-how-to-combine-rsync-commands\">How to Combine rsync Commands<\/h3><p>As you become more familiar with <strong>rsync<\/strong>, let&rsquo;s explore its capability to combine multiple commands for complex file management tasks.<\/p><p>You can combine synchronization and exclusion features to achieve precise results.<\/p><p>The example below shows how you can synchronize all files from the <strong>original<\/strong> <strong>rsync<\/strong> directory while excluding <strong>TXT<\/strong> files:<\/p><pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">rsync -av --exclude='*.txt' original\/ duplicate\/<\/pre><p>Combine the <strong>-r <\/strong>option with synchronization commands to ensure that <strong>rsync<\/strong> directories and their contents are recursively synchronized.<\/p><pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">rsync -av -r original\/ duplicate\/<\/pre><p>Before synchronizing an actual <strong>rsync<\/strong> folder, you can use the <strong>&ndash;dry-run<\/strong> option to preview the changes <strong>rsync<\/strong> would make without making any actual modifications.<\/p><pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">rsync -av --dry-run original\/ duplicate\/<\/pre><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-other-options-for-rsync-commands\">Other Options for rsync Commands<\/h3><p>The <strong>&ndash;delete<\/strong> option allows you to delete files from the destination directory that no longer exist in the source directory. To use this option, include it in your <strong>rsync<\/strong> command like this:<\/p><pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">rsync -av --delete original\/ duplicate\/<\/pre><p><strong>rsync<\/strong> supports synchronizing specified files or file types using patterns and wildcards. For example, to only synchronize <strong>TXT<\/strong> files, enter:<\/p><pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">rsync -av original\/*.txt duplicate\/<\/pre><p>You can also exclude files based on specific patterns in their names. To exclude a file named <strong>example.txt<\/strong>, type the following command:<\/p><pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">rsync -av --exclude=example.txt original\/ duplicate\/<\/pre><p>Combine the <strong>&ndash;include<\/strong> and <strong>&ndash;exclude<\/strong> options to include multiple files or directories while excluding others. Here&rsquo;s an example to include files beginning with the letter <strong>L<\/strong> and exclude all the other files:<\/p><pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">rsync -av --include='L*' --exclude='*' original\/ duplicate\/<\/pre><p>To limit synchronization to files below a specific size, use the <strong>&ndash;max-size<\/strong> option followed by the size limit. The <strong>rsync<\/strong> command to only synchronize files smaller than <strong>10 MB<\/strong> is as follows:<\/p><pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">rsync -av --max-size=10M original\/ duplicate\/<\/pre><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-how-to-add-a-progress-bar\">How to Add a Progress Bar<\/h3><p>Monitoring synchronization progress can be helpful, especially for large file transfers. <strong>rsync<\/strong> allows you to include a progress bar using the <strong>&ndash;progress<\/strong> option. Here&rsquo;s the command you can employ:<\/p><pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">rsync -av --progress original\/ duplicate\/<\/pre><p>The output will look something like this:<\/p><pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">file1.txt\n    5,120,000 100%   50.00MB\/s 0:00:00 (xfr#1, to-chk=2\/3)\nfile2.txt\n    5,345,678 100%   55.67MB\/s 0:00:00 (xfr#2, to-chk=1\/3)<\/pre><p>To add a progress bar and keep partially transferred files instead of deleting them upon interruption, use the <strong>-P<\/strong> option:<\/p><pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">rsync -av -P original\/ duplicate\/<\/pre><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-how-to-create-an-rsync-backup\">How to Create an rsync Backup<\/h3><p>Lastly, <strong>rsync<\/strong> provides a convenient way to create backup files using the <strong>&ndash;backup<\/strong> option. This option lets you back up files to a server, preventing overwriting during synchronization.<\/p><p>To create a remote backup and specify its directory, use the following command:<\/p><pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">rsync -av --backup --backup-dir=\/path\/to\/backup\/ original\/ duplicate\/<\/pre><p>When executed, the <strong>rsync<\/strong> backup option generates an incremental file list and appends a tilde (<strong>~<\/strong>) to the original file name, such as <strong>important.txt.<\/strong><\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-conclusion\">Conclusion<\/h2><p><strong>rsync<\/strong> is a powerful remote synchronization, data transfer, and file mirroring tool. In this guide, we&rsquo;ve covered everything you need to get started with the tool, from installation to practical <strong>rsync <\/strong>examples you can apply via the command line. Mastering <strong>rsync<\/strong> will enhance your Linux file management, making it more efficient and reliable.<\/p><p>\n\n\n<div class=\"protip\">\n                    <h4 class=\"title\">Discover Other Linux Commands for Server Management<\/h4>\n                    <p><a href=\"\/tutorials\/vps\/how-to-check-and-manage-disk-space-via-terminal\">How to Check Disk Space on Linux<\/a><br>\n<a href=\"\/tutorials\/curl-command-with-examples-linux\/\">How to Transfer Data With Curl Command<\/a><br>\n<a href=\"\/tutorials\/linux-time-command\/\">How to Calculate Process Execution With Time Command<\/a><br>\n<a href=\"\/tutorials\/using-scp-command-to-transfer-files\/\">How to Transfer Files Using Scp Command<\/a><br>\n<a href=\"\/tutorials\/linux-watch-command\/\">How to Monitor Changes With Watch Command<\/a><br>\n<a href=\"\/tutorials\/linux-shutdown-command\/\">How to Shutdown and Restart the Server<\/a><br>\n<a href=\"\/tutorials\/manage-and-list-services-in-linux\"> How to List Services in Linux<\/a><br>\n<a href=\"\/tutorials\/linux-tee-command-with-examples\/\">How to Write and Display to File With Tee Command<\/a><\/p>\n                <\/div>\n\n\n\n<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-rsync-faq\">rsync FAQ<\/h2><p>This section will answer the most common questions about <strong>rsync.<\/strong><\/p><div class=\"schema-faq wp-block-yoast-faq-block\"><div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1696401823699\"><h3 class=\"schema-faq-question\">What Operating Systems Are Compatible With rsync?<\/h3> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\"><strong>rsync<\/strong> is primarily designed for Unix-like operating systems, including Linux and macOS. However, it can also be used on Windows systems with the help of third-party <strong>rsync<\/strong> client applications like Cygwin or Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL). This makes <strong>rsync<\/strong> a versatile choice for file synchronization across various operating systems.<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1696401854618\"><h3 class=\"schema-faq-question\">How Does rsync Differ From Other File Transfer Methods?<\/h3> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">Instead of transferring entire file systems, <strong>rsync<\/strong> only sends the differences between destination and source files, reducing bandwidth usage. It can work over secure SSH connections, offer flexible file compression, and resume interrupted transfers. It&rsquo;s particularly handy when dealing with a large number of files in a remote system.<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1696401866087\"><h3 class=\"schema-faq-question\">Are There Any Limitations or Drawbacks to Using rsync?<\/h3> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">While <strong>rsync<\/strong> is a powerful tool, it has some limitations. First, it may not be suitable for real-time synchronization as it operates in batch mode. Additionally, it doesn&rsquo;t provide native encryption, as users often rely on SSH for secure transfers. Lastly, <strong>rsync<\/strong> can be complex for beginners, requiring a learning curve to master its extensive options.<\/p> <\/div> <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Copying files from one device to another can be a cumbersome task. Fortunately, you can simplify this process on Linux [&#8230;]<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"btn btn-secondary understrap-read-more-link\" href=\"\/tutorials\/how-to-use-rsync\">Read More&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":411,"featured_media":103709,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"rank_math_title":"How to Use the Rsync Command in Linux for File Transfer","rank_math_description":"The Linux rsync command transfers and synchronizes files between 2 locations. 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