sudo apt install htop<\/pre>Meanwhile, for RHEL-based distros like CentOS, execute this command instead:<\/p>
sudo dnf install htop<\/pre>Once installed, launch the command by typing htop<\/strong>. You’ll then see a list of processes displayed in a more user-friendly format compared to top<\/strong>.<\/p>\n
\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<\/path>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure><\/div>htop<\/strong> also offers various keyboard shortcuts for easier process management:<\/p>\nF1<\/strong> – display the help menu.<\/li>\n\n\n\nF2<\/strong> – open the setup menu.<\/li>\n\n\n\nF3<\/strong> – search for a process.<\/li>\n\n\n\nF4<\/strong> – filter processes by name.<\/li>\n\n\n\nF5<\/strong> – display processes in a tree view.<\/li>\n\n\n\nF6<\/strong> – sort processes by any column.<\/li>\n\n\n\nF7<\/strong> – decrease the process priority.<\/li>\n\n\n\nF8<\/strong> – increase the process priority.<\/li>\n\n\n\nF9<\/strong> – terminate a process.<\/li>\n\n\n\nF10<\/strong> – quit from htop<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>Linux atop command<\/h3> The atop<\/strong> command is a detailed process monitor that provides real-time information and historical logging for long-term analysis. Unlike top<\/strong> and htop<\/strong>, which focus primarily on real-time monitoring, atop<\/strong> offers additional insights through its logging capabilities.<\/p>One of the key advantages of atop<\/strong> is its ability to log and monitor system processes over an extended period – up to 28<\/strong> days by default. This includes completed or terminated processes, allowing for in-depth performance analysis.<\/p>You can install atop<\/strong> using one of these commands, depending on your Linux distribution:<\/p>sudo apt install atop # Ubuntu or Debian <\/pre>sudo dnf install atop # CentOS, RHEL, or Fedora<\/pre>Once launched, atop<\/strong> displays resource usage for CPU, memory, swap, disks, and network at 10<\/strong>-second intervals.<\/p>\n
\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<\/path>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure><\/div>The command also supports several options for more specific insights:<\/p>
\n-i <\/strong>– average-per-second total values.<\/li>\n\n\n\n-a<\/strong> – active processes during the last intervals.<\/li>\n\n\n\n-c<\/strong> – the command line for each process.<\/li>\n\n\n\n-m<\/strong> – memory-related information.<\/li>\n\n\n\n-d<\/strong> – disk-related information.<\/li>\n\n\n\n-n<\/strong> – network activity.<\/li>\n\n\n\n-s<\/strong> – scheduling details.<\/li>\n\n\n\n-v<\/strong> – out various process data, such as PPID and user information.<\/li>\n\n\n\n-y<\/strong> – individual thread information.<\/li>\n<\/ul>While using atop<\/strong>, you can sort processes by specific resources using the following shortcut keys:<\/p>\na<\/strong> – the most active resources.<\/li>\n\n\n\nc<\/strong> – CPU usage.<\/li>\n\n\n\nd<\/strong> – disk activity.<\/li>\n\n\n\nm<\/strong> – memory usage.<\/li>\n\n\n\nn<\/strong> – network activity.<\/li>\n<\/ul>Linux pstree command<\/h3> The pstree<\/strong> command helps visualize the process hierarchy in Linux. Instead of listing processes in a flat format like ps<\/strong> or top<\/strong>, pstree<\/strong> organizes them into a tree structure that displays parent-child relationships between processes.<\/p>This hierarchy makes it easier to understand how processes are related. For example, system services that launch other processes will appear at the top of the tree, with their child processes indented underneath.<\/p>
Like htop<\/strong> and atop<\/strong>, pstree<\/strong> isn’t always preinstalled on every distribution. You can install it with:<\/p>sudo apt install psmisc # Ubuntu or Debian <\/pre>sudo dnf install psmisc # CentOS, RHEL, or Fedora<\/pre>After installation, run pstree<\/strong> to visualize the process tree. Here’s the expected output:<\/p>\n
\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<\/path>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure><\/div>You can use various options with pstree<\/strong> to see additional details:<\/p>\n-p<\/strong> – process IDs alongside each process name.<\/li>\n\n\n\n-u<\/strong> – usernames of the processes’ owners.<\/li>\n\n\n\n-h<\/strong> – currently running process for easier identification.<\/li>\n\n\n\n-a<\/strong> – full command lines, giving more context for each process.<\/li>\n<\/ul>Managing processes in Linux<\/h2> After identifying active Linux processes, the next step is to manage them effectively. This includes stopping, killing, or adjusting the priority of processes to maintain optimal system performance.<\/p>
To stop or pause processes, you can run the jobs<\/strong> command to list background tasks and bring them back to the foreground if needed. For example, use fg<\/strong> to bring a task to the foreground, where <job_number><\/strong> refers to the number of the background task:<\/p>jobs\n\nfg <job_number><\/pre>To terminate a process<\/a>, use the kill<\/strong> command and specify the PID. For instance:<\/p>kill <PID><\/pre>If you want to stop all processes with the same name, execute killall <\/strong>instead:<\/p>killall process_name<\/pre>For finer control over system performance, you can adjust process priority using the renice command, which changes a running process’ priority value. Lowering this value gives a process higher CPU priority, while increasing it reduces the priority.<\/p>
The basic syntax is as follows, where <priority><\/strong> is the new value assigned to the process:<\/p>renice <priority> <PID><\/pre>
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