{"id":52128,"date":"2026-04-02T06:18:43","date_gmt":"2026-04-02T04:18:43","guid":{"rendered":"\/es\/tutoriales\/?p=52128"},"modified":"2026-04-02T06:18:45","modified_gmt":"2026-04-02T04:18:45","slug":"comando-journalctl","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"\/es\/tutoriales\/comando-journalctl\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00f3mo usar el comando journalctl para ver los registros de Linux"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">El comando <strong>journalctl<\/strong> es una herramienta potente de Linux para ver, filtrar y administrar los registros del sistema que recopila systemd. Te permite inspeccionar registros de servicios, de usuarios o del kernel, solucionar errores de arranque y monitorear la actividad del sistema en tiempo real.<\/p><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En esta gu&iacute;a, aprender&aacute;s a usar <strong>journalctl<\/strong> de forma eficaz, desde la sintaxis b&aacute;sica y las opciones de comando hasta las t&eacute;cnicas avanzadas de filtrado. Te explicaremos c&oacute;mo filtrar los registros por tiempo u origen, personalizar los formatos de salida de los registros, seguirlos en tiempo real y administrar el almacenamiento con rotaci&oacute;n de registros. Tambi&eacute;n encontrar&aacute;s ejemplos pr&aacute;cticos de comandos para ayudarte a analizar problemas y mantener el rendimiento del sistema directamente desde la l&iacute;nea de comandos.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-is-the-journalctl-command\"><strong>&iquest;Qu&eacute; es el comando journalctl?<\/strong> <\/h2><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">journalctl es una herramienta de l&iacute;nea de comandos de Linux que te permite ver y analizar los registros del sistema recopilados por systemd. Te sirve como la interfaz principal para consultar el journal de systemd, que almacena registros en un formato binario para acceso r&aacute;pido y filtrado avanzado.<\/p><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A diferencia de las herramientas tradicionales de registro que almacenan los registros en texto plano, el journal de systemd mantiene las entradas indexadas y estructuradas. Esto permite a quienes administran buscar en los registros por tiempo, servicio, prioridad o usuario de forma r&aacute;pida y precisa. Como resultado, journalctl es ahora el m&eacute;todo est&aacute;ndar para monitorear, solucionar problemas y auditar sistemas Linux que usan systemd.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-journalctl-command-syntax\"><strong>Sintaxis del comando journalctl<\/strong> <\/h2><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La sintaxis b&aacute;sica del comando <strong>journalctl<\/strong> es:<\/p><pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">journalctl [OPCIONES] [FILTROS]<\/pre><ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>[OPCIONES]<\/strong>: modifica c&oacute;mo se comporta <strong>journalctl<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>[FILTROS]<\/strong> te permite acotar tu b&uacute;squeda en los registros para obtener resultados espec&iacute;ficos.<\/li>\n<\/ul><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Para ver todos los registros, ejecuta:<\/p><pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">journalctl<\/pre><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Este comando te muestra todo el registro del sistema desde la entrada m&aacute;s antigua hasta la m&aacute;s reciente:<\/p><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure data-wp-context='{\"imageId\":\"6a8eedb301e66\"}' data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6a8eedb301e66\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-lightbox-container\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"272\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2026\/03\/terminal-journalctl.png\/w=1024,h=1024,fit=scale-down\" alt=\"La salida de la terminal muestra todo el registro del sistema.\" class=\"wp-image-52116\" srcset=\"https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2026\/03\/terminal-journalctl.png\/w=1024,fit=scale-down 1024w, https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2026\/03\/terminal-journalctl.png\/w=300,fit=scale-down 300w, https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2026\/03\/terminal-journalctl.png\/w=150,fit=scale-down 150w, https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2026\/03\/terminal-journalctl.png\/w=768,fit=scale-down 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><button class=\"lightbox-trigger\" type=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" data-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\" data-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\">\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewbox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\"><\/path>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n<\/div><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">De forma predeterminada, la paginaci&oacute;n est&aacute; habilitada. Puedes desplazarte por los registros con las teclas de flecha <strong>arriba<\/strong> y <strong>abajo<\/strong>. Para salir de la vista de registros, presiona <strong>q<\/strong>.<\/p><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Para desactivar la paginaci&oacute;n y mostrar toda la salida directamente en la terminal, agrega la opci&oacute;n <strong>&ndash;no-pager<\/strong>:<\/p><pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">journalctl --no-pager<\/pre><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Esta opci&oacute;n te permite ver todos los registros a la vez. Ten en cuenta que si tu sistema tiene muchos registros, cargar todo puede tardar un poco.<\/p><p>\n\n\n        <div class=\"protip\">\n            <div class=\"protip__heading\">\n                <svg width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                    <path d=\"M1.49234 23.5024C1.23229 23.5024 0.972242 23.4024 0.782206 23.2123C0.562165 22.9923 0.452144 22.6822 0.502153 22.3722C0.562165 21.9221 1.14227 17.9113 3.00262 16.351C3.63274 15.8209 4.43289 15.5509 5.26305 15.5609C6.09321 15.5909 6.87335 15.9109 7.47347 16.4911C8.6937 17.6913 8.76371 19.6717 7.6435 20.9919C6.0832 22.8523 2.08245 23.4324 1.63237 23.4924C1.59236 23.4924 1.54235 23.4924 1.50234 23.4924L1.49234 23.5024ZM5.16303 17.5613C4.84297 17.5613 4.53291 17.6713 4.29287 17.8813C3.60274 18.4614 3.07264 19.9317 2.75258 21.242C4.06282 20.9219 5.5331 20.3918 6.11321 19.7017C6.55329 19.1716 6.54329 18.3814 6.0832 17.9213C5.85316 17.7013 5.5431 17.5713 5.20304 17.5613C5.19304 17.5613 5.17303 17.5613 5.16303 17.5613ZM11.7243 21.8821C11.4942 21.8821 11.2642 21.8021 11.0841 21.652C10.8541 21.462 10.7241 21.1819 10.7241 20.8819V15.9109L8.08358 13.2705H3.11264C2.81259 13.2705 2.53254 13.1404 2.3425 12.9104C2.15246 12.6803 2.07245 12.3803 2.12246 12.0902C2.19247 11.7102 2.84259 8.36953 4.70294 7.12929C6.33325 6.04909 8.96375 6.49918 10.244 6.80923C11.5442 4.96889 13.2546 3.4286 15.2349 2.33839C17.4553 1.11816 19.9858 0.518051 22.4963 0.498047C23.0464 0.498047 23.4865 0.948132 23.4865 1.49824C23.4865 5.0389 22.3763 9.97983 17.1753 13.7605C17.4853 15.0408 17.9354 17.6613 16.8552 19.2816C15.615 21.1419 12.2744 21.7921 11.8943 21.8621C11.8343 21.8721 11.7743 21.8821 11.7143 21.8821H11.7243ZM12.7245 16.181V19.6016C13.7146 19.2916 14.7948 18.7915 15.2049 18.1814C15.675 17.4812 15.605 16.091 15.385 14.9008C14.5248 15.3808 13.6346 15.8109 12.7245 16.181ZM9.66388 12.0302L11.9643 14.3307C13.1845 13.8306 14.3648 13.2204 15.485 12.5103C19.9358 9.51974 21.2361 5.60901 21.4561 2.53843C19.6157 2.67846 17.8254 3.20856 16.2051 4.09872C14.2847 5.14892 12.6544 6.68921 11.4942 8.54956C10.7841 9.65977 10.174 10.82 9.66388 12.0302ZM4.39289 11.2701H7.81353C8.1936 10.3599 8.63368 9.46974 9.11377 8.60957C7.92355 8.38953 6.51329 8.31952 5.81315 8.78961C5.19304 9.19968 4.70294 10.3099 4.39289 11.2701Z\" fill=\"#673DE6\"\/>\n                <\/svg>\n                <p class=\"protip__title\">\n                    &#128218; Lectura recomendada                <\/p>\n            <\/div>\n            <p class=\"protip__content\"> <strong>journalctl<\/strong> es solo uno de los muchos <a href=\"\/es\/tutoriales\/linux-comandos\/\">comandos &uacute;tiles de Linux<\/a>. Consulta nuestra gu&iacute;a completa para aprender los comandos m&aacute;s esenciales, qu&eacute; hacen y c&oacute;mo usarlos.<\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n        \n\n\n\n<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-journalctl-options\"><strong>Opciones de journalctl<\/strong> <\/h2><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Estas son las opciones de la l&iacute;nea de comandos m&aacute;s usadas, tambi&eacute;n llamadas banderas o par&aacute;metros, para <strong>journalctl<\/strong>:<\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>-p<\/strong>: muestra registros del journal con un nivel de prioridad espec&iacute;fico. Los niveles comunes incluyen: <strong>emerg<\/strong>, <strong>alert<\/strong>, <strong>crit<\/strong>, <strong>err<\/strong>, <strong>warning<\/strong>, <strong>notice<\/strong>, <strong>info<\/strong> y <strong>debug<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>&ndash;directory=PATH<\/strong>: indica el directorio que contiene archivos del journal de systemd, como<strong> \/var\/log\/journal\/1234567890abcdef<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>&ndash;file=PATH<\/strong>: abre un archivo de diario binario espec&iacute;fico, como <strong>\/var\/log\/journal\/1234567890abcdef\/system.journal<\/strong>, para ver sus registros.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>&ndash;since=DATE<\/strong>: filtra los registros a partir de la fecha indicada. Puedes usar una fecha absoluta, como <strong>2025-06-01<\/strong>, o un tiempo relativo, como <strong>&ldquo;yesterday&rdquo;<\/strong> <strong> <\/strong>o<strong> <\/strong> <strong>1 &ldquo;hour ago&rdquo;<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>&ndash;until=DATE<\/strong>: muestra los registros hasta la fecha o el tiempo relativo especificado.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>&ndash;unit=UNIT<\/strong>: muestra los registros de una unidad de systemd espec&iacute;fica, como <strong>nginx.service<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>&ndash;grep=PATTERN<\/strong>: filtra los registros por un patr&oacute;n de b&uacute;squeda. Por ejemplo, usa <strong>&ndash;grep= &ldquo;error&rdquo;<\/strong> para mostrar solo los mensajes de error.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>&ndash;case-sensitive=BOOL<\/strong>: activa o desactiva la distinci&oacute;n entre may&uacute;sculas y min&uacute;sculas para <strong>&ndash;grep<\/strong>. Usa <strong>true<\/strong> para activar o <strong>false<\/strong> para desactivar. Por ejemplo: <strong>&ndash;grep=&rdquo;Error&rdquo; &ndash;case-sensitive=true<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>&ndash;output=STRING<\/strong>: establece el formato de salida de los registros. Los valores admitidos incluyen: <strong>short<\/strong>, <strong>short-precise<\/strong>, <strong>short-iso<\/strong>, <strong>short-iso-precise<\/strong>, <strong>short-full<\/strong>, <strong>short-monotonic<\/strong>, <strong>short-unix<\/strong>, <strong>verbose<\/strong>, <strong>export<\/strong>, <strong>json<\/strong>, <strong>json-pretty<\/strong>, <strong>json-sse<\/strong>, <strong>json-seq<\/strong>, <strong>cat<\/strong> y <strong>with-unit<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>-n INT<\/strong>: muestra las &uacute;ltimas N entradas del registro si es un n&uacute;mero positivo o las primeras N si es un n&uacute;mero negativo, por ejemplo <strong>50<\/strong> o <strong>-100<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>&ndash;reverse<\/strong>: invierte el orden de la salida para mostrar primero las entradas m&aacute;s recientes.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>&ndash;show-cursor<\/strong>: muestra la posici&oacute;n del cursor dentro del flujo de registros.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>&ndash;utc<\/strong>: muestra marcas de tiempo en Tiempo Universal Coordinado (UTC).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>&ndash;no-pager<\/strong>: desactiva la paginaci&oacute;n y muestra todos los registros a la vez.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>&ndash;pager-end<\/strong>: inicia el paginador al final de los registros.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>&ndash;interval=TIME<\/strong>: define el intervalo entre las consultas de registros. Algunos ejemplos son: <strong>5s<\/strong> (cinco segundos), <strong>6m<\/strong> (seis minutos) y <strong>1h<\/strong> (una hora).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>&ndash;disk-usage<\/strong>: muestra el espacio total en disco que usan los registros del journal.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>&ndash;vacuum-size=BYTES<\/strong>: recorta el journal al tama&ntilde;o especificado al borrar los registros m&aacute;s antiguos. Por ejemplo: <strong>1G<\/strong>, <strong>256M<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>&ndash;vacuum-files=INT<\/strong>: limita la cantidad de archivos de registro que se conservan. Por ejemplo, <strong>5<\/strong> conserva los &uacute;ltimos cinco archivos.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>&ndash;vacuum-time=TIME<\/strong>: elimina los registros m&aacute;s antiguos que el tiempo indicado, por ejemplo <strong>1week<\/strong>, <strong>4days<\/strong> o <strong>7hours<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Algunas de estas opciones requieren argumentos adicionales para funcionar. Estos argumentos te permiten filtrar los resultados del registro o personalizar el formato de salida.<\/p><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Para ver la lista completa de opciones disponibles, usa:<\/p><pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">journalctl --help<\/pre><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tambi&eacute;n puedes combinar varias opciones para adaptar las consultas de registros a tus necesidades. Por ejemplo:<\/p><pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">journalctl -u nginx.service -p err -n 50 --since=2025-06-01 --output=json-pretty<\/pre><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Este comando muestra los &uacute;ltimos <strong>50<\/strong> mensajes de error de la unidad <strong>nginx.service<\/strong> a partir del <strong>1 de junio de 2025<\/strong> en un formato JSON legible.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-how-to-use-journalctl\"><strong>&iquest;C&oacute;mo usar journalctl?<\/strong> <\/h2><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Puedes usar <strong>journalctl<\/strong> para filtrar registros por tiempo y origen, personalizar el formato de salida, seguir y monitorear registros en tiempo real y administrar los datos de registro de forma eficiente.<\/p><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En las siguientes secciones, te mostraremos c&oacute;mo usar el comando <strong>journalctl<\/strong> para cada una de estas tareas.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-filtering-logs-by-time\"><strong>Filtrar registros por tiempo<\/strong> <\/h3><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Para filtrar los registros por fecha y hora, usa <strong>journalctl<\/strong> con las opciones <strong>-b<\/strong> <strong>&ndash;list-boots<\/strong> <strong>&ndash;since o &ndash;until<\/strong>. As&iacute; funciona cada uno:<\/p><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Arranque actual<\/strong> <\/p><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Puedes ver los registros del arranque actual al agregar la opci&oacute;n <strong>-b<\/strong>:<\/p><pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">journalctl -b<\/pre><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Usa este comando para solucionar problemas que ocurren justo despu&eacute;s de un inicio limpio o para seguir la actividad del sistema desde el &uacute;ltimo reinicio.<\/p><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure data-wp-context='{\"imageId\":\"6a8eedb304af5\"}' data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6a8eedb304af5\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-lightbox-container\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"412\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2026\/03\/terminal-journalctl-b.png\/w=1024,h=1024,fit=scale-down\" alt=\"La salida de la terminal muestra los registros de la sesi&oacute;n de arranque actual.\" class=\"wp-image-52117\" srcset=\"https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2026\/03\/terminal-journalctl-b.png\/w=1024,fit=scale-down 1024w, https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2026\/03\/terminal-journalctl-b.png\/w=300,fit=scale-down 300w, https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2026\/03\/terminal-journalctl-b.png\/w=150,fit=scale-down 150w, https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2026\/03\/terminal-journalctl-b.png\/w=768,fit=scale-down 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><button class=\"lightbox-trigger\" type=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" data-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\" data-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\">\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewbox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\"><\/path>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n<\/div><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Botas anteriores<\/strong> <\/p><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Para ver los registros de un arranque anterior, agrega la opci&oacute;n <strong>-b<\/strong> con un desplazamiento. Por ejemplo, usa <strong>-b -1<\/strong> para ver los registros del arranque anterior.<\/p><pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">journalctl -b -1<\/pre><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Este comando te ayuda a hacer seguimiento de errores y de actividad inusual que ocurrieron despu&eacute;s del &uacute;ltimo reinicio.<\/p><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mientras tanto, para ver todas las sesiones de arranque anteriores, usa:<\/p><pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">journalctl --list-boots<\/pre><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Muestra cada sesi&oacute;n de arranque junto con su fecha y hora, para que puedas elegir f&aacute;cilmente cu&aacute;l investigar.<\/p><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure data-wp-context='{\"imageId\":\"6a8eedb30fa9b\"}' data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6a8eedb30fa9b\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-lightbox-container\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"153\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2026\/03\/Terminal-journalctl-list-boots.png\/w=1024,h=1024,fit=scale-down\" alt=\"La salida de la terminal muestra todas las sesiones de arranque con sus fechas y horas.\" class=\"wp-image-52118\" srcset=\"https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2026\/03\/Terminal-journalctl-list-boots.png\/w=1024,fit=scale-down 1024w, https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2026\/03\/Terminal-journalctl-list-boots.png\/w=300,fit=scale-down 300w, https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2026\/03\/Terminal-journalctl-list-boots.png\/w=150,fit=scale-down 150w, https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2026\/03\/Terminal-journalctl-list-boots.png\/w=768,fit=scale-down 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><button class=\"lightbox-trigger\" type=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" data-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\" data-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\">\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewbox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\"><\/path>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n<\/div><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Rangos de tiempo<\/strong> <\/p><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Si quieres filtrar registros en un intervalo de tiempo espec&iacute;fico, combina <strong>&ndash;since<\/strong> y <strong>&ndash;until<\/strong> en tu comando <strong>journalctl<\/strong>. Por ejemplo:<\/p><pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">journalctl --since=2025-06-18 --until=2025-06-19<\/pre><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Este comando muestra los registros entre el <strong>18<\/strong> y el <strong>19 de junio de 2025<\/strong>.<\/p><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure data-wp-context='{\"imageId\":\"6a8eedb311e54\"}' data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6a8eedb311e54\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-lightbox-container\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"260\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2026\/03\/Terminal-journalctl-con-since-y-until.png\/w=1024,h=1024,fit=scale-down\" alt=\"La salida de la terminal muestra registros entre el 18 y el 19 de junio de 2025.\" class=\"wp-image-52119\" srcset=\"https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2026\/03\/Terminal-journalctl-con-since-y-until.png\/w=1024,fit=scale-down 1024w, https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2026\/03\/Terminal-journalctl-con-since-y-until.png\/w=300,fit=scale-down 300w, https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2026\/03\/Terminal-journalctl-con-since-y-until.png\/w=150,fit=scale-down 150w, https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2026\/03\/Terminal-journalctl-con-since-y-until.png\/w=768,fit=scale-down 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><button class=\"lightbox-trigger\" type=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" data-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\" data-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\">\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewbox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\"><\/path>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n<\/div><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tambi&eacute;n puedes usar tiempo relativo, como:<\/p><pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">journalctl --since=\"1 hour ago\"<\/pre><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Usa estos filtros de tiempo para investigar problemas que ocurrieron durante un periodo espec&iacute;fico, por ejemplo despu&eacute;s de una actualizaci&oacute;n del sistema o durante una ventana de mantenimiento.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-filtering-logs-by-source\"><strong>Filtrar registros por origen<\/strong> <\/h3><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>journalctl<\/strong> puede filtrar los registros por servicios espec&iacute;ficos, usuarios o el kernel. Para hacer esto, usa las opciones <strong>-u<\/strong>, <strong>_UID<\/strong>, <strong>_GID<\/strong>, <strong>_PID<\/strong> o <strong>-k<\/strong>.<\/p><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Por servicio o unidad<\/strong> <\/p><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Para ver los registros de una unidad espec&iacute;fica de systemd, ejecuta <strong>journalctl<\/strong> con la opci&oacute;n <strong>-u<\/strong>. Aqu&iacute; tienes un ejemplo de c&oacute;mo filtrar registros del servicio NGINX:<\/p><pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">journalctl -u nginx.service<\/pre><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Usa este comando para diagnosticar errores, problemas de rendimiento o comportamiento inesperado en un servicio espec&iacute;fico.<\/p><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure data-wp-context='{\"imageId\":\"6a8eedb314bc8\"}' data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6a8eedb314bc8\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-lightbox-container\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"329\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2026\/03\/terminal-journalctl-u.png\/w=1024,h=1024,fit=scale-down\" alt=\"La salida de la terminal muestra registros del servicio NGINX.\" class=\"wp-image-52120\" srcset=\"https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2026\/03\/terminal-journalctl-u.png\/w=1024,fit=scale-down 1024w, https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2026\/03\/terminal-journalctl-u.png\/w=300,fit=scale-down 300w, https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2026\/03\/terminal-journalctl-u.png\/w=150,fit=scale-down 150w, https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2026\/03\/terminal-journalctl-u.png\/w=768,fit=scale-down 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><button class=\"lightbox-trigger\" type=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" data-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\" data-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\">\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewbox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\"><\/path>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n<\/div><p>\n\n        <div class=\"protip\">\n            <div class=\"protip__heading\">\n                <svg width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                    <path d=\"M1.49234 23.5024C1.23229 23.5024 0.972242 23.4024 0.782206 23.2123C0.562165 22.9923 0.452144 22.6822 0.502153 22.3722C0.562165 21.9221 1.14227 17.9113 3.00262 16.351C3.63274 15.8209 4.43289 15.5509 5.26305 15.5609C6.09321 15.5909 6.87335 15.9109 7.47347 16.4911C8.6937 17.6913 8.76371 19.6717 7.6435 20.9919C6.0832 22.8523 2.08245 23.4324 1.63237 23.4924C1.59236 23.4924 1.54235 23.4924 1.50234 23.4924L1.49234 23.5024ZM5.16303 17.5613C4.84297 17.5613 4.53291 17.6713 4.29287 17.8813C3.60274 18.4614 3.07264 19.9317 2.75258 21.242C4.06282 20.9219 5.5331 20.3918 6.11321 19.7017C6.55329 19.1716 6.54329 18.3814 6.0832 17.9213C5.85316 17.7013 5.5431 17.5713 5.20304 17.5613C5.19304 17.5613 5.17303 17.5613 5.16303 17.5613ZM11.7243 21.8821C11.4942 21.8821 11.2642 21.8021 11.0841 21.652C10.8541 21.462 10.7241 21.1819 10.7241 20.8819V15.9109L8.08358 13.2705H3.11264C2.81259 13.2705 2.53254 13.1404 2.3425 12.9104C2.15246 12.6803 2.07245 12.3803 2.12246 12.0902C2.19247 11.7102 2.84259 8.36953 4.70294 7.12929C6.33325 6.04909 8.96375 6.49918 10.244 6.80923C11.5442 4.96889 13.2546 3.4286 15.2349 2.33839C17.4553 1.11816 19.9858 0.518051 22.4963 0.498047C23.0464 0.498047 23.4865 0.948132 23.4865 1.49824C23.4865 5.0389 22.3763 9.97983 17.1753 13.7605C17.4853 15.0408 17.9354 17.6613 16.8552 19.2816C15.615 21.1419 12.2744 21.7921 11.8943 21.8621C11.8343 21.8721 11.7743 21.8821 11.7143 21.8821H11.7243ZM12.7245 16.181V19.6016C13.7146 19.2916 14.7948 18.7915 15.2049 18.1814C15.675 17.4812 15.605 16.091 15.385 14.9008C14.5248 15.3808 13.6346 15.8109 12.7245 16.181ZM9.66388 12.0302L11.9643 14.3307C13.1845 13.8306 14.3648 13.2204 15.485 12.5103C19.9358 9.51974 21.2361 5.60901 21.4561 2.53843C19.6157 2.67846 17.8254 3.20856 16.2051 4.09872C14.2847 5.14892 12.6544 6.68921 11.4942 8.54956C10.7841 9.65977 10.174 10.82 9.66388 12.0302ZM4.39289 11.2701H7.81353C8.1936 10.3599 8.63368 9.46974 9.11377 8.60957C7.92355 8.38953 6.51329 8.31952 5.81315 8.78961C5.19304 9.19968 4.70294 10.3099 4.39289 11.2701Z\" fill=\"#673DE6\"\/>\n                <\/svg>\n                <p class=\"protip__title\">\n                     &#128161; Consejo pr&aacute;ctico                <\/p>\n            <\/div>\n            <p class=\"protip__content\"> Si no sabes c&oacute;mo se llama el servicio, puedes <a href=\"\/es\/tutoriales\/administrar-y-listar-servicios-en-linux\/\">listar los servicios en Linux<\/a> con el comando <strong>systemctl list-units --type=service<\/strong>.<\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n        \n\n\n\n<\/p><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Por ID de usuario, ID de grupo o PID<\/strong> <\/p><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Para filtrar los registros por usuario, grupo o identificador de proceso (PID), usa las opciones <strong>_UID<\/strong>, <strong>_GID<\/strong> o <strong>_PID<\/strong>.<\/p><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Por ejemplo, para ver los registros de un ID de usuario espec&iacute;fico, ejecuta el siguiente comando <strong>journalctl<\/strong>:<\/p><pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">journalctl _UID=0<\/pre><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Muestra registros relacionados con el ID de usuario <strong>0<\/strong>.<\/p><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Filtrar los registros por ID de usuario es clave para solucionar problemas relacionados con la actividad espec&iacute;fica de un usuario o con los permisos.<\/p><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Solo registros del kernel<\/strong> <\/p><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Puedes usar <strong>journalctl<\/strong> para ver los registros relacionados con el kernel si agregas la opci&oacute;n <strong>-k<\/strong>:<\/p><pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">journalctl -k<\/pre><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Este comando muestra los registros del kernel, incluidos los eventos de hardware, los mensajes de los controladores y los fallos cr&iacute;ticos del kernel.<\/p><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure data-wp-context='{\"imageId\":\"6a8eedb316cc4\"}' data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6a8eedb316cc4\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-lightbox-container\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"260\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2026\/03\/terminal-journalctl-k.png\/w=1024,h=1024,fit=scale-down\" alt=\"La salida de la terminal muestra registros del kernel.\" class=\"wp-image-52121\" srcset=\"https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2026\/03\/terminal-journalctl-k.png\/w=1024,fit=scale-down 1024w, https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2026\/03\/terminal-journalctl-k.png\/w=300,fit=scale-down 300w, https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2026\/03\/terminal-journalctl-k.png\/w=150,fit=scale-down 150w, https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2026\/03\/terminal-journalctl-k.png\/w=768,fit=scale-down 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><button class=\"lightbox-trigger\" type=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" data-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\" data-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\">\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewbox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\"><\/path>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n<\/div><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&Uacute;salo cuando soluciones problemas del sistema de bajo nivel, como fallas de hardware o bloqueos del sistema.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-log-output-customization\"><strong>Personalizaci&oacute;n de la salida de registros<\/strong> <\/h3><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>journalctl<\/strong> ofrece varias opciones, como <strong>-o<\/strong> y <strong>&ndash;no-pager<\/strong>, para personalizar c&oacute;mo muestra los registros. As&iacute; puedes modificar la salida de los registros para adaptarla a tus necesidades:<\/p><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Formatos de salida comunes<\/strong> <\/p><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Usa la opci&oacute;n <strong>-o<\/strong> para elegir entre diferentes formatos de salida. Aqu&iacute; tienes algunas de las m&aacute;s utilizadas:<\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>short<\/strong>: el formato predeterminado que muestra entradas de registro concisas y legibles.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>verbose<\/strong>: muestra entradas de registro detalladas con contexto adicional como marcas de tiempo, nombres de unidades y metadatos.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>json<\/strong>: genera registros en formato JSON y es ideal para la automatizaci&oacute;n o el an&aacute;lisis de registros.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>cat<\/strong> imprime mensajes de registro sin formato, similar al <a href=\"\/es\/tutoriales\/comando-cat-linux\/\">comando cat<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>export<\/strong>: guarda los registros en un formato binario para que puedas transferirlos entre sistemas o volver a importarlos para analizarlos.<\/li>\n<\/ul><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Imprimir mensajes completos<\/strong> <\/p><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Para mostrar entradas de registro completas, sin truncar, ejecuta:<\/p><pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">journalctl -o verbose<\/pre><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Este comando te muestra el contenido completo del mensaje, lo que puede ser &uacute;til al solucionar problemas, ya que la vista predeterminada omite detalles importantes.<\/p><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure data-wp-context='{\"imageId\":\"6a8eedb318fdf\"}' data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6a8eedb318fdf\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-lightbox-container\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"260\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2026\/03\/terminal-journalctl-o-verbose.png\/w=1024,h=1024,fit=scale-down\" alt=\"La salida de la terminal muestra registros con el contenido completo de los mensajes.\" class=\"wp-image-52122\" srcset=\"https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2026\/03\/terminal-journalctl-o-verbose.png\/w=1024,fit=scale-down 1024w, https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2026\/03\/terminal-journalctl-o-verbose.png\/w=300,fit=scale-down 300w, https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2026\/03\/terminal-journalctl-o-verbose.png\/w=150,fit=scale-down 150w, https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2026\/03\/terminal-journalctl-o-verbose.png\/w=768,fit=scale-down 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><button class=\"lightbox-trigger\" type=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" data-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\" data-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\">\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewbox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\"><\/path>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n<\/div><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Desactivar la paginaci&oacute;n<\/strong> <\/p><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Como mencionamos antes, puedes desactivar la paginaci&oacute;n con la opci&oacute;n <strong>&ndash;no-pager<\/strong>:<\/p><pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">journalctl --no-pager<\/pre><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Esta opci&oacute;n es &uacute;til cuando procesas registros con otras herramientas o rediriges la salida a un archivo, porque garantiza un flujo de datos fluido y sin interrupciones.<\/p><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Por ejemplo, para redirigir la salida a un archivo, usa el operador <strong>&gt;<\/strong>:<\/p><pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">journalctl --no-pager &gt; output.log<\/pre><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Este comando de <strong>journalctl<\/strong> guarda toda la salida en un archivo llamado <strong>output.log<\/strong>.<\/p><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Personaliza la salida para automatizaci&oacute;n<\/strong> <\/p><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Personalizar el formato de salida es especialmente &uacute;til cuando integras <strong>journalctl<\/strong> en scripts o herramientas de automatizaci&oacute;n.<\/p><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Por ejemplo, puedes formatear los registros en JSON y canalizarlos al <a href=\"\/es\/tutoriales\/comando-grep-linux\/\">comando grep<\/a> para extraer entradas espec&iacute;ficas:<\/p><pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">journalctl -o json | grep \"error\"<\/pre><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Este comando genera registros en formato JSON y luego filtra las entradas que contienen la palabra &ldquo;<strong>error<\/strong>&rdquo;.<\/p><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure data-wp-context='{\"imageId\":\"6a8eedb31b3ef\"}' data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6a8eedb31b3ef\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-lightbox-container\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"323\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2026\/03\/Terminal-journalctl-o-json-grep.png\/w=1024,h=1024,fit=scale-down\" alt=\"Una salida de terminal muestra registros en JSON con entradas que contienen la palabra \" class=\"wp-image-52123\" srcset=\"https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2026\/03\/Terminal-journalctl-o-json-grep.png\/w=1024,fit=scale-down 1024w, https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2026\/03\/Terminal-journalctl-o-json-grep.png\/w=300,fit=scale-down 300w, https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2026\/03\/Terminal-journalctl-o-json-grep.png\/w=150,fit=scale-down 150w, https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2026\/03\/Terminal-journalctl-o-json-grep.png\/w=768,fit=scale-down 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><button class=\"lightbox-trigger\" type=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" data-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\" data-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\">\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewbox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\"><\/path>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n<\/div><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-tail-and-monitor-logs-in-real-time\"><strong>Seguir y monitorear registros en tiempo real<\/strong> <\/h3><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Puedes usar <strong>journalctl<\/strong> para seguir y monitorear los registros en tiempo real. Esto es especialmente &uacute;til cuando necesitas monitorear un servicio o seguir la actividad del sistema en tiempo real.<\/p><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A continuaci&oacute;n, algunas acciones comunes:<\/p><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Seguir el registro<\/strong> <\/p><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Para ver las entradas de registro m&aacute;s recientes, usa la opci&oacute;n <strong>-n<\/strong> seguida del n&uacute;mero de l&iacute;neas que quieres mostrar. Por ejemplo:<\/p><pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">journalctl -n 50<\/pre><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Este comando muestra las &uacute;ltimas <strong>50<\/strong> entradas del registro. Te sirve para ver r&aacute;pidamente la actividad reciente del sistema sin esperar nuevas entradas.<\/p><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure data-wp-context='{\"imageId\":\"6a8eedb31d908\"}' data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6a8eedb31d908\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-lightbox-container\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"286\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2026\/03\/terminal-journalctl-n.png\/w=1024,h=1024,fit=scale-down\" alt=\"En la terminal ves los &uacute;ltimos 50 registros.\" class=\"wp-image-52124\" srcset=\"https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2026\/03\/terminal-journalctl-n.png\/w=1024,fit=scale-down 1024w, https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2026\/03\/terminal-journalctl-n.png\/w=300,fit=scale-down 300w, https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2026\/03\/terminal-journalctl-n.png\/w=150,fit=scale-down 150w, https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2026\/03\/terminal-journalctl-n.png\/w=768,fit=scale-down 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><button class=\"lightbox-trigger\" type=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" data-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\" data-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\">\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewbox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\"><\/path>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n<\/div><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Sigue las entradas del registro<\/strong> <\/p><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Si quieres que <strong>journalctl<\/strong> muestre de forma continua las nuevas entradas de registro a medida que aparecen, usa la opci&oacute;n <strong>-f<\/strong>:<\/p><pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">journalctl -f<\/pre><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Para hacer que <strong>journalctl<\/strong> deje de mostrar nuevas entradas, presiona<strong> Ctrl + C<\/strong>.<\/p><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Funciona como el comando <a href=\"\/es\/tutoriales\/comando-tail-linux\/\">tail -f<\/a> y muestra registros en tiempo real a medida que el sistema o los servicios los generan.<\/p><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Monitoreo en tiempo real de servicios espec&iacute;ficos<\/strong> <\/p><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Puedes combinar <strong>-f<\/strong> con filtros para monitorear servicios espec&iacute;ficos. Por ejemplo, para seguir en tiempo real los registros del servicio NGINX, ejecuta:<\/p><pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">journalctl -u nginx.service -f<\/pre><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Usa este comando para monitorear servicios como NGINX o SSH y seguir el rendimiento en tiempo real, los mensajes de error u otros eventos importantes a medida que ocurren.<\/p><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure data-wp-context='{\"imageId\":\"6a8eedb31fcca\"}' data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6a8eedb31fcca\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-lightbox-container\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"76\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2026\/03\/terminal-journalctl-u-f.png\/w=1024,h=1024,fit=scale-down\" alt=\"La salida de la terminal muestra registros en tiempo real del servicio NGINX.\" class=\"wp-image-52125\" srcset=\"https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2026\/03\/terminal-journalctl-u-f.png\/w=1024,fit=scale-down 1024w, https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2026\/03\/terminal-journalctl-u-f.png\/w=300,fit=scale-down 300w, https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2026\/03\/terminal-journalctl-u-f.png\/w=150,fit=scale-down 150w, https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2026\/03\/terminal-journalctl-u-f.png\/w=768,fit=scale-down 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><button class=\"lightbox-trigger\" type=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" data-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\" data-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\">\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewbox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\"><\/path>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n<\/div><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-manage-journalctl-logs\"><strong>Administra los registros de journalctl<\/strong> <\/h3><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>journalctl<\/strong> ofrece varias formas de gestionar el almacenamiento de registros, rotar los registros y controlar cu&aacute;nto tiempo se conservan.<\/p><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Estas pr&aacute;cticas ayudan a reducir el uso de espacio en disco y a mantener tu sistema eficiente, sobre todo porque los registros pueden consumir mucho espacio con rapidez.<\/p><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Rotaci&oacute;n de registros y control de espacio<\/strong> <\/p><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>journalctl<\/strong> gestiona autom&aacute;ticamente la rotaci&oacute;n de registros, pero puedes configurar manualmente l&iacute;mites para controlar el uso de almacenamiento y la cantidad de archivos de registro que se conservan.<\/p><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Para hacerlo, abre el archivo <strong>journald.conf<\/strong> con el editor de texto <a href=\"\/es\/tutoriales\/instalar-nano-text-editor\/\">nano<\/a>:<\/p><pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">sudo nano \/etc\/systemd\/journald.conf<\/pre><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Usa par&aacute;metros como <strong>SystemMaxUse<\/strong>, <strong>RuntimeMaxUse<\/strong> y <strong>MaxFileSec<\/strong> para establecer l&iacute;mites al tama&ntilde;o de los archivos de registro y al tiempo de retenci&oacute;n. Por ejemplo, para limitar los registros a <strong>un gigabyte<\/strong>, descomenta la l&iacute;nea y agrega un valor como:<\/p><pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">SystemMaxUse=1G<\/pre><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure data-wp-context='{\"imageId\":\"6a8eedb3289b3\"}' data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6a8eedb3289b3\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-lightbox-container\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"416\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2026\/03\/Terminal-con-nano-SystemMaxUse-de-journaldconf-resaltado.png\/w=1024,h=1024,fit=scale-down\" alt=\"El contenido del archivo journald.conf en el editor de texto nano\" class=\"wp-image-52126\" srcset=\"https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2026\/03\/Terminal-con-nano-SystemMaxUse-de-journaldconf-resaltado.png\/w=1024,fit=scale-down 1024w, https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2026\/03\/Terminal-con-nano-SystemMaxUse-de-journaldconf-resaltado.png\/w=300,fit=scale-down 300w, https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2026\/03\/Terminal-con-nano-SystemMaxUse-de-journaldconf-resaltado.png\/w=150,fit=scale-down 150w, https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2026\/03\/Terminal-con-nano-SystemMaxUse-de-journaldconf-resaltado.png\/w=768,fit=scale-down 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><button class=\"lightbox-trigger\" type=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" data-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\" data-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\">\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewbox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\"><\/path>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n<\/div><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Despu&eacute;s de editar el archivo, guarda y sal presionando <strong>Ctrl + X<\/strong> &rarr; <strong>Y<\/strong> &rarr; <strong>Enter<\/strong>.<\/p><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Registros persistentes<\/strong> <\/p><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">De forma predeterminada, <strong>journalctl<\/strong> guarda los registros de manera persistente, as&iacute; que se conservan tras reiniciar el sistema. Para confirmar o cambiar este comportamiento, abre el mismo archivo <strong>journald.conf<\/strong>.<\/p><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Luego, busca la opci&oacute;n de <strong>Almacenamiento<\/strong>. Si est&aacute; configurado en <strong>auto<\/strong>, systemd escribe los registros en el disco si existe el directorio de almacenamiento persistente (<strong>\/var\/log\/journal\/<\/strong>).<\/p><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Para forzar el registro persistente, descomenta la l&iacute;nea y establece el valor en:<\/p><pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">Storage=persistent<\/pre><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Si quieres guardar los registros solo en memoria durante el inicio actual del sistema, usa:<\/p><pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">Storage=volatile<\/pre><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Elimina manualmente los registros<\/strong> <\/p><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Si los registros superan los l&iacute;mites que configuraste o quieres liberar espacio manualmente, usa las opciones <strong>&ndash;vacuum<\/strong>:<\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Vac&iacute;a por tama&ntilde;o<\/strong>: elimina registros hasta que el uso total del disco quede por debajo del l&iacute;mite especificado:<\/li>\n<\/ul><pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">journalctl --vacuum-size=1G<\/pre><ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Purgar por tiempo<\/strong>: elimina los registros anteriores a un periodo espec&iacute;fico:<\/li>\n<\/ul><pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">journalctl --vacuum-time=1week<\/pre><ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Limpieza por cantidad de archivos<\/strong>: mant&eacute;n solo los archivos de registro m&aacute;s recientes.<\/li>\n<\/ul><pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">journalctl --vacuum-files=5<\/pre><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Adem&aacute;s, para verificar cu&aacute;nto espacio est&aacute;n usando actualmente los registros del journal, ejecuta:<\/p><pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">journalctl --disk-usage<\/pre><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure data-wp-context='{\"imageId\":\"6a8eedb32af06\"}' data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6a8eedb32af06\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-lightbox-container\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"72\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2026\/03\/Uso-de-disco-de-journalctl-en-la-terminal.png\/w=1024,h=1024,fit=scale-down\" alt=\"Una salida de la terminal muestra el uso de disco de los logs del journal.\" class=\"wp-image-52127\" srcset=\"https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2026\/03\/Uso-de-disco-de-journalctl-en-la-terminal.png\/w=1024,fit=scale-down 1024w, https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2026\/03\/Uso-de-disco-de-journalctl-en-la-terminal.png\/w=300,fit=scale-down 300w, https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2026\/03\/Uso-de-disco-de-journalctl-en-la-terminal.png\/w=150,fit=scale-down 150w, https:\/\/imagedelivery.net\/LqiWLm-3MGbYHtFuUbcBtA\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2026\/03\/Uso-de-disco-de-journalctl-en-la-terminal.png\/w=768,fit=scale-down 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><button class=\"lightbox-trigger\" type=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" data-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\" data-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\">\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewbox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\"><\/path>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n<\/div><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-journalctl-examples\"><strong>Ejemplos de journalctl<\/strong> <\/h2><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A continuaci&oacute;n encontrar&aacute;s algunos ejemplos reales de comandos <strong>journalctl<\/strong> para ayudarte a solucionar problemas comunes del sistema y entender mejor c&oacute;mo aplicar diferentes filtros y opciones.<\/p><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Soluciona una falla del servicio<\/strong> <\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Tarea<\/strong>: investiga por qu&eacute; el servicio de NGINX no se inici&oacute; despu&eacute;s de un reinicio.<\/li>\n<\/ul><pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">journalctl -u nginx.service --since=\"2025-06-01 01:00:00\" --until=\"2025-06-01 02:00:00\"<\/pre><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Este comando filtra los registros de la unidad <strong>nginx.service<\/strong> el <strong>1 de junio de 2025<\/strong> entre la <strong>1:00 a.m.<\/strong> y las <strong>2:00 a.m.<\/strong> &Uacute;salo para identificar cu&aacute;ndo y por qu&eacute; ocurri&oacute; el problema.<\/p><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Monitoreo en tiempo real de registros ante ataques de fuerza bruta contra SSH<\/strong> <\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Tarea<\/strong>: Supervisa el servicio SSH en busca de indicios de un ataque de fuerza bruta, como repetidos intentos fallidos de inicio de sesi&oacute;n.<\/li>\n<\/ul><pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">journalctl -u ssh.service -f | grep \"Failed password\"<\/pre><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Combina<strong> journalctl -f<\/strong> con <strong>grep<\/strong> para monitorear en tiempo real los registros de SSH y filtrar las entradas que contienen &ldquo;<strong>Failed password<\/strong>&ldquo;.<\/p><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Revisa los registros despu&eacute;s de un fallo del sistema para detectar problemas de hardware.<\/strong> <\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Tarea<\/strong>: revisar los registros del kernel despu&eacute;s de un fallo del sistema para identificar posibles causas.<\/li>\n<\/ul><pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">journalctl -k --since=2025-06-01 --until=2025-06-02<\/pre><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Este comando muestra los registros del kernel entre el <strong>1<\/strong> y el <strong>2 de junio de 2025<\/strong>. &Uacute;salo para buscar fallas de hardware o p&aacute;nicos del kernel alrededor del momento del bloqueo.<\/p><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Exporta registros para an&aacute;lisis forense<\/strong> <\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Tarea<\/strong>: exporta los registros del sistema a un archivo para revisarlos despu&eacute;s de una posible brecha de seguridad.<\/li>\n<\/ul><pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">journalctl --since=2025-06-01 --until=2025-06-10 &gt; system_logs_2025-06-01_to_06-10.log<\/pre><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Exporta los registros del <strong>1<\/strong> al <strong>10 de junio de 2025<\/strong> en un archivo llamado <strong>system_logs_2025-06-01_to_06-10.log<\/strong> para que luego puedas analizarlos o auditarlos.<\/p><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Lleva un registro de los errores del sistema durante un proceso de actualizaci&oacute;n<\/strong> <\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Tarea<\/strong>: investigar el comportamiento inesperado despu&eacute;s de una actualizaci&oacute;n del sistema revisando los registros de errores durante la ventana de actualizaci&oacute;n.<\/li>\n<\/ul><pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">journalctl --since=\"2025-06-01 01:00:00\" --until=\"2025-06-01 03:00:00\" -p err<\/pre><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Este comando filtra los registros entre la <strong>1:00 a. m.<\/strong> y las <strong>3:00 a. m.<\/strong> del <strong>1 de junio de 2025<\/strong> y muestra solo las entradas de nivel de error (<strong>-p err<\/strong>) para ayudarte a diagnosticar qu&eacute; sali&oacute; mal.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-key-takeaways-on-using-journalctl\"><strong>Puntos clave para usar journalctl<\/strong> <\/h2><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">journalctl es una herramienta de l&iacute;nea de comandos fundamental para gestionar los registros del sistema en Linux, con filtrado detallado, monitoreo en tiempo real y formatos de salida personalizables. Ya sea que est&eacute;s diagnosticando un servicio que fall&oacute; o rastreando eventos a nivel de kernel, saber usar sus opciones de forma eficaz te ayuda a actuar m&aacute;s r&aacute;pido y con mayor precisi&oacute;n.<\/p><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Para quienes usan un VPS, dominar journalctl te da informaci&oacute;n directa sobre el comportamiento de tu servidor y facilita resolver problemas, optimizar el rendimiento y mantener la disponibilidad. Como pr&oacute;ximo paso, explora herramientas relacionadas como systemctl para administrar servicios o revisa nuestros tutoriales sobre rotaci&oacute;n de registros y buenas pr&aacute;cticas de seguridad en Linux para ampliar tus conocimientos.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>El comando journalctl es una herramienta potente de Linux para ver, filtrar y administrar los registros del sistema que recopila systemd. Te permite inspeccionar registros de servicios, de usuarios o del kernel, solucionar errores de arranque y monitorear la actividad del sistema en tiempo real. En esta gu&iacute;a, aprender&aacute;s a usar journalctl de forma eficaz, [&#8230;]<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"btn btn-secondary understrap-read-more-link\" href=\"\/es\/tutoriales\/comando-journalctl\/\">Read More&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":190,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"rank_math_title":"Comando journalctl en Linux con ejemplos pr\u00e1cticos","rank_math_description":"Aprende a usar journalctl en Linux para ver, filtrar y gestionar logs del sistema. Mejora el diagn\u00f3stico y monitoreo en tiempo real f\u00e1cilmente.","rank_math_focus_keyword":"journalctl","footnotes":""},"categories":[14564,14532],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-52128","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-gestion-monitoreo-y-seguridad","category-vps"],"hreflangs":[{"locale":"en-US","link":"https:\/\/www.hostinger.com\/tutorials\/journalctl-command\/","default":1},{"locale":"es-ES","link":"https:\/\/www.hostinger.com\/es\/tutoriales\/comando-journalctl\/","default":0},{"locale":"en-PH","link":"https:\/\/www.hostinger.com\/ph\/tutorials\/journalctl-command\/","default":0},{"locale":"en-MY","link":"https:\/\/www.hostinger.com\/my\/tutorials\/journalctl-command\/","default":0},{"locale":"en-GB","link":"https:\/\/www.hostinger.com\/uk\/tutorials\/journalctl-command\/","default":0},{"locale":"en-IN","link":"https:\/\/www.hostinger.com\/in\/tutorials\/journalctl-command\/","default":0},{"locale":"en-CA","link":"https:\/\/www.hostinger.com\/ca\/tutorials\/journalctl-command\/","default":0},{"locale":"en-AU","link":"https:\/\/www.hostinger.com\/au\/tutorials\/journalctl-command\/","default":0},{"locale":"en-NG","link":"https:\/\/www.hostinger.com\/ng\/tutorials\/journalctl-command\/","default":0},{"locale":"es-AR","link":"https:\/\/www.hostinger.com\/ar\/tutoriales\/comando-journalctl\/","default":0},{"locale":"es-MX","link":"https:\/\/www.hostinger.com\/mx\/tutoriales\/comando-journalctl\/","default":0},{"locale":"es-CO","link":"https:\/\/www.hostinger.com\/co\/tutoriales\/comando-journalctl\/","default":0}],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hostinger.com\/es\/tutoriales\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/52128","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hostinger.com\/es\/tutoriales\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hostinger.com\/es\/tutoriales\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hostinger.com\/es\/tutoriales\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/190"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hostinger.com\/es\/tutoriales\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=52128"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.hostinger.com\/es\/tutoriales\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/52128\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":52249,"href":"https:\/\/www.hostinger.com\/es\/tutoriales\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/52128\/revisions\/52249"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hostinger.com\/es\/tutoriales\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=52128"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hostinger.com\/es\/tutoriales\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=52128"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hostinger.com\/es\/tutoriales\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=52128"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}